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The Evolutionary Tempo of Sex Chromosome Degradation in Carica papaya
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  • 作者:Meng Wu ; Richard C. Moore
  • 关键词:Plant sex chromosomes ; Molecular evolution ; Y degradation ; Hill–Robertson effect
  • 刊名:Journal of Molecular Evolution
  • 出版年:2015
  • 出版时间:June 2015
  • 年:2015
  • 卷:80
  • 期:5-6
  • 页码:265-277
  • 全文大小:678 KB
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  • 作者单位:Meng Wu (1) (2)
    Richard C. Moore (1)

    1. Botany Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
    2. Evolution, Ecology & Behavior Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
  • 刊物类别:Biomedical and Life Sciences
  • 刊物主题:Life Sciences
    Cell Biology
    Microbiology
    Plant Sciences
  • 出版者:Springer New York
  • ISSN:1432-1432
文摘
Genes on non-recombining heterogametic sex chromosomes may degrade over time through the irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations. In papaya, the non-recombining male-specific region of the Y (MSY) consists of two evolutionary strata corresponding to chromosomal inversions occurring approximately 7.0 and 1.9 MYA. The step-wise recombination suppression between the papaya X and Y allows for a temporal examination of the degeneration progress of the young Y chromosome. Comparative evolutionary analyses of 55 X/Y gene pairs showed that Y-linked genes have more unfavorable substitutions than X-linked genes. However, this asymmetric evolutionary pattern is confined to the oldest stratum, and is only observed when recently evolved pseudogenes are included in the analysis, indicating a slow degeneration tempo of the papaya Y chromosome. Population genetic analyses of coding sequence variation of six Y-linked focal loci in the oldest evolutionary stratum detected an excess of nonsynonymous polymorphism and reduced codon bias relative to autosomal loci. However, this pattern was also observed for corresponding X-linked loci. Both the MSY and its corresponding X-specific region are pericentromeric where recombination has been shown to be greatly reduced. Like the MSY region, overall selective efficacy on the X-specific region may be reduced due to the interference of selective forces between highly linked loci, or the Hill–Robertson effect, that is accentuated in regions of low or suppressed recombination. Thus, a pattern of gene decay on the X-specific region may be explained by relaxed purifying selection and widespread genetic hitchhiking due to its pericentromeric location.

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