Desert wildfire impacts on plant community function

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Kevin J. Horn ; Joseph Wilkinson ; Steven White ; Samuel B. St. Clair
• 关键词：Creosote bush ; Invasion ; Joshua tree ; Mojave Desert ; Ecophysiology ; Red brome ; Water potential
• 刊名：Plant Ecology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：216
• 期：12
• 页码：1623-1634
• 全文大小：620 KB
• 参考文献：Abella SR (2010) Disturbance and plant succession in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of the American Southwest. IJERPH 7:1248-284. doi:10.-390/?ijerph7041248 PubMedCentral CrossRef PubMed
  Abella SR, Engel EC, Lund CL, Spencer JE (2009) Early post-fire plant establishment on a Mojave Desert Burn. Madro?o 56:137-48. doi:10.-120/-024-9637-56.-.-37 CrossRef
  Allen EB, Steers RJ, Dickens SJ (2011) Impacts of fire and invasive species on desert soil ecology. Rangel Ecol Manag 64:450-62. doi:10.-111/?REM-D-09-00159.- CrossRef
  Ashworth L, Aguilar R, Galetto L, Aizen MA (2004) Why do pollination generalist and specialist plant species show similar reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation? J Ecol 92:717-19. doi:10.-111/?j.-022-0477.-004.-0910.?x CrossRef
  Beck MJ, Vander Wall SB (2010) Seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding rodents in arid environments. J Ecol 98:1300-309CrossRef
  Belnap J, Lange OL (2001) Biological soil crusts: structure, function, and management. Springer, New York
  Bowman DMJS, Balch JK, Artaxo P, Bond WJ, Carlson JM, Cochrane MA, D’Antonio CM, DeFries RS, Doyle JC, Harrison SP, Johnston FH, Keeley JE, Krawchuk MA, Kull CA, Marston JB, Moritz MA, Prentice IC, Roos CI, Scott AC, Swetnam TW, van der Werf GR, Pyne SJ (2009) Fire in the earth system. Science 324:481-84. doi:10.-126/?science.-163886 CrossRef PubMed
  Brisson J, Reynolds JF (1994) The effect of neighbors on root distribution in a Creosotebush (Larrea Tridentata) population. Ecology 75:1693-702. doi:10.-307/-939629 CrossRef
  Brittingham S, Walker RL (2000) Facilitation of Yucca brevifolia recruitment by Mojave Desert shrubs. West North Am Nat 60:374-83
  Brooks ML (2002) Peak fire temperatures and effects on annual plants in the Mojave Desert. Ecol Appl 12:1088-102CrossRef
  Brooks ML (2012) Effects of high fire frequency in creosote bush scrub vegetation of the Mojave Desert. Int J Wildl Fire 21:61-8CrossRef
  Brooks ML, Chambers JC (2011) Resistance to invasion and resilience to fire in Desert Shrublands of North America. Rangel Ecol Manag 64:431-38. doi:10.-111/?REM-D-09-00165.- CrossRef
  Brooks ML, Matchett JR (2006) Spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires in the Mojave Desert, 1980-004. J Arid Environ 67:148-64CrossRef
  Brooks ML, D’Antonio CM, Richardson DM, Grace JB, Keeley JE, DiTomaso JM, Hobbs RJ, Pellant M, Pyke D (2004) Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. Bioscience 54:677CrossRef
  Brown DE, Minnich RA (1986) Fire and changes in creosote bush scrub of the western Sonoran Desert, California. Am Midl Nat 116:411-22CrossRef
  Brown JK, Smith JK (2000) Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden
  Bukowski BE, Baker WL (2012) Historical fire regimes, reconstructed from land-survey data, led to complexity and fluctuation in sagebrush landscapes. Ecol Appl 23:546-64. doi:10.-890/-2-0844.- CrossRef
  Callison J, Brotherson JD, Bowns JE (1985) The effects of fire on the Blackbrush [Coleogyne ramosissima] community of southwestern Utah. J Range Manag 38:535-38CrossRef
  Campbell CR (1991) Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue by combustion. In: Plank CO (ed) Plant analysis reference procedures for the southern region of the United States. University of Georgia, Athens, pp 21-3
  D’Antonio CM, Vitousek PM (1992) Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 23:63-7. doi:10.-307/-097282 CrossRef
  Drezner T (2006) Plant facilitation in extreme environments: the non-random distribution of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea) under their nurse associates and the relationship to nurse architecture. J Arid Environ 65:46-1CrossRef
  Eidenshink J, Schwind B, Brewer K, Zhu Z-L, Quayle B, Howard S (2007) A project for monitoring trends in burn severity. J Assoc Fire Ecol 3:3CrossRef
  Engel EC, Abella SR (2011) Vegetation recovery in a desert landscape after wildfires: influences of community type, time since fire and contingency effects. J Appl Ecol 48:1401-410. doi:10.-111/?j.-365-2664.-011.-2057.?x CrossRef
  Esque TC, Young JA, Tracy CR (2010) Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank. J Arid Environ 74:1302-308. doi:10.-016/?j.?jaridenv.-010.-4.-11 CrossRef
  Evans RD, Belnap J (1999) Long-term consequences of disturbance on nitrogen dynamics in an arid ecosystem. Ecology 80:150-60CrossRef
  Ewing SA, Southard RJ, Macalady JL, Hartshorn AS, Johnson MJ (2007) Soil microbial fingerprints, carbon, and nitrogen in a Mojave Desert creosote-bush ecosystem. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71:469-75CrossRef
  Fonteyn PJ, Mahall BE (1981) An experimental analysis of structure in a desert plant community. J Ecol 69:883-96. doi:10.-307/-259643 CrossRef
  Gibson AC, Rasoul Sharifi M, Rundel PW (2004) Resprout characteristics of creosote bus
• 作者单位：Kevin J. Horn (1)
  Joseph Wilkinson (2)
  Steven White (2)
  Samuel B. St. Clair (2)
  
  1. Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 311A Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
  2. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 4124 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5052

文摘

Dramatic increases are occurring in the size and frequency of wildfires in arid ecosystems. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of plant communities after desert wildfires and evaluate plant functional responses to post-fire environments. Plant community characteristics and functional traits were assessed from 2009 to 2011 along paired burned–unburned transects of multiple independent fires that occurred in the Mojave Desert in 2005. We measured plant community composition and diversity; xylem water potential; and foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and non-structural carbohydrates of Yucca brevifolia and Larrea tridentata. Fire effects on the plant community remained evident on burned landscapes 6 years post-fire with 81, 86, and 42 % less shrub abundance, cover, and diversity. Plant functional traits had neutral to positive responses to burned landscapes that varied by species and season. Plants on burned and unburned landscapes had similar xylem water potentials following wetter periods but were significantly better in burned landscapes during dry periods and were more pronounced for L. tridentata than Y. brevifolia. Both species tended to maintain higher foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in burned areas across seasons. Post-fire conditions increased non-structural carbohydrates in L. tridentata leaves in summer and fall periods. L. tridentata had 50 % greater canopy leaf area index in burned landscapes compared to unburned areas. Improvements in water and nutrient relations of surviving desert shrubs in burned landscapes may be associated with competitive release from neighboring plants or altered root-shoot ratios and may enhance reproductive capacity that could facilitate the post-fire recovery of woody shrubs. Keywords Creosote bush Invasion Joshua tree Mojave Desert Ecophysiology Red brome Water potential