Thermal and combustion behavior of phosphorus–nitrogen and phosphorus–silicon retarded epoxy

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• 作者：Zhisheng Li ; Tao Song ; Jingang Liu ; Yue Yan
• 关键词：Flame retardant ; Epoxy ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Silicon
• 刊名：Iranian Polymer Journal
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：26
• 期：1
• 页码：21-30
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Polymer Sciences; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1735-5265
• 卷排序：26

文摘

A novel trizine ring-based phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant, 1,3,5-tris(3-(diphenylphosphoryl)propyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (PN), was synthesized by the reaction of diphenylphosphine oxide and triallyl isocyanurate with triethylborane as catalyst. Chemical structure of the target compound was confirmed by Flourier transform infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonances, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrum measurements. The newly developed PN was used in the flame retardancy of o-cresol novolac epoxy/phenolic novolac hardener system. For comparison, another analogous phosphorus–silicon flame retardant, [(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-di-2,1-ethanediyl]-bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (PSi), was also applied in the same system. Experimental results revealed that PN showed superior flame retardant efficiency to that of PSi. In addition, the incorporation of flame retardants was in favor of the char formation during the thermal degradation process of epoxy thermosets. With the same flame retardant content, the char residue of epoxy thermosets with PSi was higher than that of epoxy thermosets with PN at 750 °C. Cone calorimeter results indicated that PN contributed to gas phase flame retardancy while PSi was more likely to take part in flame retardancy in the condense phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data revealed that the binding energies of phosphorus changed in different ways in PN and PSi after combustion. This implied that phosphorus exhibited different combustion behaviors when combined with nitrogen or silicon.