Contrast opacification on thoracic CT angiography: challenges and solutions
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- 作者：Abhishek Chaturvedi ; Daniel Oppenheimer ; Prabhakar Rajiah…
- 关键词：CT angiography ; Non ; diagnostic CTA ; Contrast dynamics ; Cardiac asystole ; ECMO
- 刊名：Insights into Imaging
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：February 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：8
- 期：1
- 页码：127-140
- 全文大小：3698KB
- 刊物主题：Imaging / Radiology; Diagnostic Radiology; Interventional Radiology; Neuroradiology; Ultrasound; Internal Medicine;
- 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- ISSN：1869-4101
- 卷排序：8
文摘
Contrast flow and enhancement patterns seen on thoracic CT angiography (CTA) can often be challenging and may often reveal more than is immediately apparent. A non-diagnostic CTA following the initial contrast injection can be secondary to many causes; these include both extrinsic factors, such as injection technique/equipment failure (iv cannula, power injector), and intrinsic, patient-related factors. Contrast pressure and flow graphs often contain useful information regarding the etiology of a non-diagnostic scan. Understanding these graphs will help the radiologist plan a repeat contrast injection to overcome the deficiencies of the first injection and thus obtain a diagnostic scan. The current review article outlines normal and abnormal intravenous contrast dynamics, discusses how to recognize etiologies of non-diagnostic scans, and ultimately addresses techniques to overcome obstacles towards obtaining normal contrast opacification of the target vessel. In addition, there are some life-threatening findings, which unless sought for, may remain hidden in plain sight.