Generalized crystallography and bound-water modular structures determining morphogenesis and size of biosystems
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- 作者：N. A. Bulienkov ; E. A. Zheligovskaya
- 关键词：Bound water ; Modular design ; Generalized crystallography
- 刊名：Structural Chemistry
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：February 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：28
- 期：1
- 页码：75-103
- 全文大小：
- 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
- 刊物主题：Computer Applications in Chemistry; Physical Chemistry; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：1572-9001
- 卷排序：28
文摘
By now, modern science has studied natural and synthetic crystalline and amorphous materials almost completely. So, in the future, it will be oriented to investigate potential possibilities that can be realized by modeling and subsequent synthesis. The main problem that should be solved by creation of the appropriate method of such modeling is to study the structural mechanisms of self-organization, morphogenesis and functioning of these materials. The question not solved yet is: what is the basis for the crystallography generalization that would retain application of the main method of crystallography, i.e., symmetry? To solve this problem, which includes design of potentially possible structures, a new notion, “module,” was introduced. To provide stability of a solid structure, complete bonding of its atoms is necessary, which is characterized by this notion. Cooperative transformations of some crystal structures to the aperiodic symmetric ones of the same chemical composition are known, which means that a determinate transition to the non-Euclidean structures is possible. Carbon atoms in diamond-like structures and water molecules have tetrahedral symmetry, which is typical to the systems with metric based on golden section. It is natural to assume that the tetrahedral symmetry of water molecules is retained in stable noncrystal structures of bound-water as well. To distinguish, in a heterogeneous biosystem, a homogeneous solid-like system-forming component that determines the biosystem morphology and size, an axiomatic method was applied. It was shown that only bound water can serve as such a system-forming component. To model bound-water structures, the method of modular design was used. The fractal properties of bound-water structures were studied. On this basis, the similarity of forms of biosystems belonging to different hierarchy levels, the properties of protein and biocrystal structures, the water surface-layer structure and its cooperative transformation induced by contact with other phases, the structure of the surfaces of biological tissues, nondissipative propagation of energy in biosystems, and the predetermined character of prebiological evolution and the origin of life were explained.