Relative Phytoplankton growth responses to physically and chemically dispersed South Louisiana sweet crude oil
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- 作者：Koray ?zhan (1)
Scott M. Miles (2)
Heng Gao (2)
Sibel Bargu (1) - 关键词：WAF ; South Louisiana sweet crude oil ; Phytoplankton ; Corexit? EC9500A
- 刊名：Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：June 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：186
- 期：6
- 页码：3941-3956
- 全文大小：
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Scott M. Miles (2)
Heng Gao (2)
Sibel Bargu (1)
1. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, #1241 Energy, Coast & Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
2. Department of Environmental Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA - ISSN：1573-2959
文摘
We conducted controlled laboratory exposure experiments to assess the toxic effects of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of South Louisiana sweet crude oil on five phytoplankton species isolated from the Gulf of Mexico. Experiments were conducted with individual and combinations of the five phytoplankton species to determine growth inhibitions to eight total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) equivalent concentrations ranging from 461 to 7,205?ppb. The composition and concentration of crude oil were altered by physical and chemical processes and used to help evaluate crude oil toxicity. The impact of crude oil exposure on phytoplankton growth varied with the concentration of crude oil, species of microalgae, and their community composition. At a concentration of TPH <-,200?ppb, dinoflagellate species showed significantly better tolerance, while diatom species showed a higher tolerance to crude oil at higher concentrations of TPH. For both groups, the larger species were more tolerant to crude oil than smaller ones. The toxicity potential of crude oil seems to be strongly influenced by the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The addition of the dispersant, Corexit? EC9500A, increased the amount of crude oil up to 50-fold in the water column, while the physical enhancement (vigorous mixing of water column) did not significantly increase the amount of TPH concentration in the water column. The species response to crude oil was also examined in the five-species community. Each phytoplankton species showed considerably less tolerance to crude oil in the five-species community compared to their individual responses. This study provides baseline information about individual phytoplankton responses to crude oil and dispersed crude oil for subsequent research efforts seeking to understand the impacts of oil on the phytoplankton in the bigger picture.