Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region

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• 作者：C. S. Smith ; C. E. de Jong ; J. Meers ; J. Henning ; L- F. Wang ; H. E. Field
• 关键词：coronavirus ; SARS ; diversity ; bat ; Australia ; Asia
• 刊名：EcoHealth
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：13
• 期：1
• 页码：72-82
• 全文大小：734 KB
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• 作者单位：C. S. Smith (1) (2)
  C. E. de Jong (2)
  J. Meers (1)
  J. Henning (1)
  L- F. Wang (3)
  H. E. Field (2) (4)
  
  1. School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
  2. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield BC, Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia
  3. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
  4. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Public Health
  Environmental Medicine/Environmental Psychology
  Ecosystems
  Environmental Management
  Microbiology
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1612-9210

文摘

Following the SARS outbreak, extensive surveillance was undertaken globally to detect and identify coronavirus diversity in bats. This study sought to identify the diversity and prevalence of coronaviruses in bats in the Australasian region. We identified four different genotypes of coronavirus, three of which (an alphacoronavirus and two betacoronaviruses) are potentially new species, having less than 90% nucleotide sequence identity with the most closely related described viruses. We did not detect any SARS-like betacoronaviruses, despite targeting rhinolophid bats, the putative natural host taxa. Our findings support the virus-host co-evolution hypothesis, with the detection of Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8 (previously reported in Miniopterus species in China, Hong Kong and Bulgaria) in Australian Miniopterus species. Similarly, we detected a novel betacoronavirus genotype from Pteropus alecto which is most closely related to Bat coronavirus HKU9 identified in other pteropodid bats in China, Kenya and the Philippines. We also detected possible cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses, and the apparent enteric tropism of these viruses. Thus, our findings are consistent with a scenario wherein the current diversity and host specificity of coronaviruses reflects co-evolution with the occasional host shift.