The cult of amphioxus in German Darwinism; or, Our gelatinous ancestors in Naples鈥?blue and balmy bay

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• 作者：Nick Hopwood
• 关键词：Amphioxus ; Edward John Chapman ; Ernst Haeckel's Darwinism ; Naples ; Moritz Reymond ; Humorous songs
• 刊名：History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：36
• 期：3
• 页码：371-393
• 全文大小：2077KB
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• 作者单位：Nick Hopwood (1)
  
  1. Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, UK
  
• 刊物类别：Philosophy of Science; History of Science; Life Sciences, general; Philosophy of Biology;
• 刊物主题：Philosophy of Science; History of Science; Life Sciences, general; Philosophy of Biology;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1742-6316

文摘

Biologists having rediscovered amphioxus, also known as the lancelet or Branchiostoma, it is time to reassess its place in early Darwinist debates over vertebrate origins. While the advent of the ascidian鈥揳mphioxus theory and challenges from various competitors have been documented, this article offers a richer account of the public appeal of amphioxus as a primitive ancestor. The focus is on how the 鈥楪erman Darwin鈥?Ernst Haeckel persuaded general magazine and newspaper readers to revere this 鈥渇lesh of our flesh and blood of our blood鈥? and especially on Das neue Laienbrevier des Haeckelismus (The new lay breviary of Haeckelism) by Moritz Reymond with cartoons by Fritz Steub. From the late 1870s these successful little books of verse introduced the Neapolitan discoveries that made the animal鈥檚 name and satirized Haeckel鈥檚 rise as high priest of its cult. One song is reproduced and translated here, with a contemporary 鈥渋mitation鈥?by the Canadian palaeontologist Edward John Chapman, and extracts from others. Predating the American 鈥淚t鈥檚 a long way from amphioxus鈥?by decades, these rhymes dramatize neglected 鈥榮pecies politics鈥?of Darwinism and highlight the roles of humour in negotiating evolution. Keywords Amphioxus Edward John Chapman Ernst Haeckel's Darwinism Naples Moritz Reymond Humorous songs