Elevated CO₂ improves growth, modifies anatomy, and modulates essential oil qualitative production and gene expression in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)

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• 作者：Diego Silva Batista ; Kamila Motta de Castro…
• 关键词：CO2 enrichment ; Gas exchange ; Geraniol synthase ; Nerolidol synthase ; RT ; qPCR
• 刊名：Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：128
• 期：2
• 页码：357-368
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Plant Physiology; Plant Genetics & Genomics; Plant Pathology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5044
• 卷排序：128

文摘

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations have grown in recent decades and will continue to increase during this century, affecting plant physiology and development. Aiming to evaluate the effect of CO₂ elevation on growth, anatomy, essential oil qualitative production and expression of genes related to biosynthesis of these compounds, three chemotypes of Lippia alba (BGEN-01, BGEN-02 and BGEN-42) were cultivated in vitro. Firstly, we focused on the effects of gas exchange in the essential oil profile by comparing three CO₂ exchange rates: 14, 21 and 25 µL L−1 s−1 CO₂. Continuing, in addition to the previous 14 and 25 µL L−1 s−1 CO₂ treatments, plants were placed into acrylic chambers with continuous forced air at 360 and 1000 μL L−1 of CO_2; an additional control without allowing gas exchange was added inside the chambers, totaling five treatments with 6 replicates. After 45 days, essential oil profile, histochemical, stomatal density, growth evaluation analyses and transcript analysis were performed. The enrichment with CO₂ enhanced plant dry and fresh weight, total chlorophylls and carotenoids in BGEN-01 and BGEN-02, and also increased stomatal density and lignin content for all chemotypes. The multivariate analysis showed that the essential oil profile varied, not only among the different chemotypes, but also within BGEN-01 and BGEN-02 treatments. The qualitative production was different in the treatments with forced air renovation and CO₂ enrichment. Regarding the gene expression analyses, Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (LaFPPS) and Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (LaGPPS) did not vary, except for the treatments with forced air ventilation (360 and 1000 µL L−1) in the BGEN-01, which had LaFPPS upregulated. Geraniol synthase (LaGES) was upregulated in all BGEN-02 treatments and for BGEN-01 treatments with 360 and 1000 µL L−1 CO₂. Nerolidol/Linalool synthase (LaNES/LIS) was upregulated only in the BGEN-01, in the 360 and 1000 µL L−1 CO₂ treatments. These findings provide a better understanding of how CO₂ regulates secondary metabolites production, providing a basis to clarify the pathway regulation, further enabling the targeted production of essential oils with greater economic and industrial interest.