Prophylaxis of Postoperative Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Robert E. Fintelmann (1) (2)
  Ayman Naseri MD (1) (2) (3)
  
• 刊名：Drugs
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：July 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：70
• 期：11
• 页码：1395-1409
• 全文大小：173KB
• 参考文献：1. Lemley CA, Han DP. Endophthalmitis: a review of current evaluation and management. Retina 2007 Jul鈥揂ug; 27(6): 662鈥?0 CrossRef
  2. Lalwani GA, Flynn Jr HW, Scott IU, et al. Acute-onset endophthalmitis after clear corneal cataract surgery (1996鈥?005): clinical features, causative organisms, and visual acuity outcomes. Ophthalmology 2008 Mar; 115(3): 473鈥? CrossRef
  3. Kutty PK, Forster TS, Wood-Koob C, et al. Multistate outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome, 2005. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008 Apr; 34(4): 585鈥?0 CrossRef
  4. Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study: a randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1995 Dec; 113(12): 1479鈥?6 CrossRef
  5. Erie JC, Baratz KH, Hodge DO, et al. Incidence of cataract surgery from 1980 through 2004: 25-year population-based study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Jul; 33(7): 1273鈥? CrossRef
  6. Norregaard JC, Hindsberger C, Alonso J, et al. Visual outcomes of cataract surgery in the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Spain: report from the International Cataract Surgery Outcomes Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1998 Aug; 116(8): 1095鈥?00
  7. Murthy GV, Vashist P, John N, et al. Prevalence and vision-related outcomes of cataract surgery in Gujarat, India. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2009 Nov鈥揇ec; 16(6): 400鈥? CrossRef
  8. Nemet AY, Nemet P, Cohn G, et al. Causes of blindness in rural Myanmar (Burma): Mount Popa Taung-Kalat Blindness Prevention Project. Clin Ophthalmol 2009; 3: 413鈥?1 CrossRef
  9. Song W, Sun X, Shao Z, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a rural North-east China adult population: a population-based survey in Bin County, Harbin. Acta Ophthalmol. Epub 2009 Nov 7
  10. Tabin G, Chen M, Espandar L. Cataract surgery for the developing world. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2008 Jan; 19(1): 55鈥? CrossRef
  11. West ES, Behrens A, McDonnell PJ, et al. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery among the U.S. Medicare population increased between 1994 and 2001. Ophthalmology 2005 Aug; 112(8): 1388鈥?4
  12. Hatch WV, Cernat G, Wong D, et al. Risk factors for acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: a population-based study. Ophthalmology 2009 Mar; 116(3): 425鈥?0 CrossRef
  13. Endophthalmitis Study Group, European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons. Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: results of the ESCRS multicenter study and identification of risk factors. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Jun; 33(6): 978鈥?8 CrossRef
  14. Freeman EE, Roy-Gagnon MH, Fortin E, et al. Rate of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Quebec, Canada, 1996鈥?005. Arch Ophthalmol 2010 Feb; 128(2): 230鈥? CrossRef
  15. Wong TY, Chee SP. The epidemiology of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an Asian population. Ophthalmology 2004 Apr; 111(4): 699鈥?05 CrossRef
  16. Ravindran RD, Venkatesh R, Chang DF, et al. Incidence of post-cataract endophthalmitis at Aravind Eye Hospital: outcomes of more than 42,000 consecutive cases using standardized sterilization and prophylaxis protocols. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Apr; 35(4): 629鈥?6 CrossRef
  17. Al-Mezaine HS, Kangave D, Al-Assiri A, et al. Acute-onset nosocomial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: incidence, clinical features, causative organisms, and visual outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Apr; 35(4): 643鈥? CrossRef
  18. Taban M, Behrens A, Newcomb RL, et al. Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Ophthalmol 2005 May; 123(5): 613鈥?0 CrossRef
  19. Carrim ZI, Richardson J, Wykes WN. Incidence and visual outcome of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: the experience of an eye department in Scotland. Br J Ophthalmol 2009 Jun; 93(6): 721鈥? CrossRef
  20. Deramo VA, Lai JC, Fastenberg DM, et al. Acute endophthalmitis in eyes treated prophylactically with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. Am J Ophthalmol 2006 Nov; 142(5): 721鈥? CrossRef
  21. Han DP, Wisniewski SR, Wilson LA, et al. Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Am J Ophthalmol 1996 Jul; 122(1): 1鈥?7
  22. Montan P, Lundstrom M, Stenevi U, et al. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in Sweden: the 1998 national prospective survey. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002 Jun; 80(3): 258鈥?1 CrossRef
  23. Wejde G, Montan P, Lundstrom M, et al. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in Sweden: national prospective survey 1999鈥?001. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2005 Feb; 83(1): 7鈥?0 CrossRef
  24. Pijl BJ, Theelen T, Tilanus MA, et al. Acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: 250 consecutive cases treated at a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands. Am J Ophthalmol 2010 Mar; 149(3): 482鈥?.e1-2 CrossRef
  25. Nagaki Y, Hayasaka S, Kadoi C, et al. Bacterial endophthalmitis after small-incision cataract surgery: effect of incision placement and intraocular lens type. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 Jan; 29(1): 20鈥? CrossRef
  26. McDonnell PJ, Taban M, Sarayba M, et al. Dynamic morphology of clear corneal cataract incisions. Ophthalmology 2003 Dec; 110(12): 2342鈥? CrossRef
  27. Herretes S, Stark WJ, Pirouzmanesh A, et al. Inflow of ocular surface fluid into the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification through sutureless corneal cataract wounds. Am J Ophthalmol 2005 Oct; 140(4): 737鈥?0 CrossRef
  28. Sarayba MA, Taban M, Ignacio TS, et al. Inflow of ocular surface fluid through clear corneal cataract incisions: a laboratory model. Am J Ophthalmol 2004 Aug; 138(2): 206鈥?0 CrossRef
  29. Kodjikian L, Beby F, Rabilloud M, et al. Influence of intraocular lens material on the development of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery? Eye (Lond) 2008 Feb; 22(2): 184鈥?3 CrossRef
  30. Wallin T, Parker J, Jin Y, et al. Cohort study of 27 cases of endophthalmitis at a single institution. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005 Apr; 31(4): 735鈥?1 CrossRef
  31. Lundstrom M, Wejde G, Stenevi U, et al. Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: a nationwide prospective study evaluating incidence in relation to incision type and location. Ophthalmology 2007 May; 114(5): 866鈥?0 CrossRef
  32. Kamalarajah S, Ling R, Silvestri G, et al. Presumed infectious endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in the UK: a case-control study of risk factors. Eye (Lond) 2007 May; 21(5): 580鈥?
  33. Menikoff JA, Speaker MG, Marmor M, et al. A case-control study of risk factors for postoperative endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology 1991 Dec; 98(12): 1761鈥?
  34. Ng JQ, Morlet N, Bulsara MK, et al. Reducing the risk for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: population-based nested case-control study: endophthalmitis population study of Western Australia sixth report. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Feb; 33(2): 269鈥?0 CrossRef
  35. Doft BH. Treatment of postcataract extraction endophthalmitis: a summary of the results from the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Apr; 126(4): 554鈥? CrossRef
  36. Kuhn F, Gini G. Ten years after鈥?are findings of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study still relevant today? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005 Dec; 243(12): 1197鈥? CrossRef
  37. Altan T, Acar N, Kapran Z, et al. Acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: success of initial therapy, visual outcomes, and related factors. Retina 2009 May; 29(5): 606鈥?2 CrossRef
  38. Miller JJ, Scott IU, Flynn Jr HW. Acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2000鈥?004): incidence, clinical settings, and visual acuity outcomes after treatment. Am J Ophthalmol 2005 Jun; 139(6): 983鈥? CrossRef
  39. Romero P, Mendez I, Salvat M, et al. Intracameral cefazolin as prophylaxis against endophthalmitis in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006 Mar; 32(3): 438鈥?1 CrossRef
  40. Garat M, Moser CL, Alonso-Tarres C, et al. Intracameral cefazolin to prevent endophthalmitis in cataract surgery: 3-year retrospective study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005 Nov; 31(11): 2230鈥? CrossRef
  41. Mollan SP, Gao A, Lockwood A, et al. Postcataract endophthalmitis: incidence and microbial isolates in a United Kingdom region from 1996 through 2004. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Feb; 33(2): 265鈥? CrossRef
  42. Montan PG, Wejde G, Koranyi G, et al. Prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime: efficacy in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002 Jun; 28(6): 977鈥?1 CrossRef
  43. Garat M, Moser CL, Martin-Baranera M, et al. Prophylactic intracameral cefazolin after cataract surgery: endophthalmitis risk reduction and safety results in a 6-year study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Apr; 35(4): 637鈥?2 CrossRef
  44. Carrim ZI, Mackie G, Gallacher G, et al. The efficacy of 5% povidone-iodine for 3 minutes prior to cataract surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009 Jul鈥揂ug; 19(4): 560鈥?
  45. Inoue Y, Usui M, Ohashi Y, et al. Preoperative disinfection of the conjunctival sac with antibiotics and iodine compounds: a prospective randomized multicenter study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2008 May鈥揓un; 52(3): 151鈥?1 CrossRef
  46. Wu PC, Li M, Chang SJ, et al. Risk of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery using different protocols for povidone-iodine preoperative disinfection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006 Feb; 22(1): 54鈥?1 CrossRef
  47. Darouiche RO, Wall Jr MJ, Itani KM, et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7; 362(1): 18鈥?6 CrossRef
  48. Chang DF, Braga-Mele R, Mamalis N, et al. Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: results of the 2007 ASCRS member survey. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Oct; 33(10): 1801鈥? CrossRef
  49. Moss JM, Nguyen D, Liu YI, et al. Comparison of one-day versus one-hour application of topical gatifloxacin in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora. Ophthalmology 2008 Nov; 115(11): 2013鈥? CrossRef
  50. Katz HR, Masket S, Lane SS, et al. Absorption of topical moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution into human aqueous humor. Cornea 2005 Nov; 24(8): 955鈥? CrossRef
  51. Ong-Tone L. Aqueous humor penetration of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin eyedrops given by different methods before cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Jan; 33(1): 59鈥?2 CrossRef
  52. McCulley JP, Caudle D, Aronowicz JD, et al. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone penetration into the aqueous humor in humans. Ophthalmology 2006 Jun; 113(6): 955鈥? CrossRef
  53. Kowalski RP, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, et al. Topical prophylaxis with moxifloxacin prevents endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Am J Ophthalmol 2004 Jul; 138(1): 33鈥? CrossRef
  54. Moshirfar M, Feiz V, Vitale AT, et al. Endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery with the use of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: a retrospective observational case series. Ophthalmology 2007 Apr; 114(4): 686鈥?1 CrossRef
  55. Jensen MK, Fiscella RG, Moshirfar M, et al. Third- and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: retrospective comparison of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed over 10 years. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008 Sep; 34(9): 1460鈥? CrossRef
  56. Colleaux KM, Hamilton WK. Effect of prophylactic antibiotics and incision type on the incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Can J Ophthalmol 2000 Dec; 35(7): 373鈥?
  57. Clements DB, Tailor V. A study of aqueous and serum levels of ceftazidime following subconjunctival administration. Br J Ophthalmol 1987 Jun; 71(6): 433鈥? CrossRef
  58. Souli M, Kopsinis G, Kavouklis E, et al. Vancomycin levels in human aqueous humour after intravenous and subconjunctival administration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001 Sep; 18(3): 239鈥?3 CrossRef
  59. Barza M, Doft B, Lynch E. Ocular penetration of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and vancomycin after subconjunctival injection in humans. Arch Ophthalmol 1993 Apr; 111(4): 492鈥? CrossRef
  60. Menchini U, Lanzetta P, Ferrari E, et al. Efficacy of collagen shields after extracapsular cataract extraction. Eur J Ophthalmol 1994 Jul鈥揝ep; 4(3): 175鈥?0
  61. Renard G, Bennani N, Lutaj P, et al. Comparative study of a collagen corneal shield and a subconjunctival injection at the end of cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993 Jan; 19(1): 48鈥?1
  62. Taravella MJ, Balentine J, Young DA, et al. Collagen shield delivery of ofloxacin to the human eye. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999 Apr; 25(4): 562鈥? CrossRef
  63. Peyman GA, Sathar ML, May DR. Intraocular gentamicin as intraoperative prophylaxis in South India eye camps. Br J Ophthalmol 1977 Apr; 61(4): 260鈥? CrossRef
  64. Gimbel HV, Sun R, DeBrof BM. Prophylactic intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery: the incidence of endophthalmitis and corneal endothelial cell loss. Eur J Implant Ref Surg 1994 Oct; 6: 280鈥?
  65. Garc铆a-S谩enz MC, Arias-Puente A, Rodr铆guez-Caravaca G, et al. Effectiveness of intracameral cefuroxime in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010 Feb; 36(2): 203鈥? CrossRef
  66. Arbisser LB. Safety of intracameral moxifloxacin for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008 Jul; 34(7): 1114鈥?0 CrossRef
  67. Espiritu CR, Caparas VL, Bolinao JG. Safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution in cataract surgery patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Jan; 33(1): 63鈥? CrossRef
  68. Lane SS, Osher RH, Masket S, et al. Evaluation of the safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008 Sep; 34(9): 1451鈥? CrossRef
  69. Kowalski RP, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, et al. Intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5%) is non-toxic and effective in preventing endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Am J Ophthalmol 2005 Sep; 140(3): 497鈥?04 CrossRef
  70. Kodjikian L, Garweg JG. Intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5%) is not effective in preventing endophthalmitis in a rabbit model [letter]. Am J Ophthalmol 2006 Apr; 141(4): 777 CrossRef
  71. Kowalski RP, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, et al. Reply: intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5%) is not effective in preventing endophthalmitis in a rabbit model [letter]. Am J Ophthalmol 2006 Apr; 141(4): 7778 CrossRef
  72. Major Jr JC, Engelbert M, Flynn Jr HW, et al. Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis: antibiotic susceptibilities, methicillin resistance, and clinical outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 2010 Feb; 149(2): 278鈥?3.e1 CrossRef
  73. Sharifi E, Porco T, Naseri A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of intracameral cefuroxime use for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 2009 Oct; 116(10): 1887鈥?6 CrossRef
  74. Gore DM, Angunawela RI, Little BC. United Kingdom survey of antibiotic prophylaxis practice after publication of the ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Apr; 35(4): 770鈥? CrossRef
  75. Mamalis N. Toxic anterior segment syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006 Feb; 32(2): 181鈥? CrossRef
  76. Liu DT, Lee VY, Chan VC, et al. Severe anaphylactic reaction after intracameral antibiotic administration during cataract surgery [letter]. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006 Feb; 32(2): 188 CrossRef
  77. Ali贸 JL. Reply: severe anaphylactic reaction after intracameral antibiotic administration during cataract surgery [letter]. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006 Feb; 32(2): 188 CrossRef
  78. Asbell PA, Colby KA, Deng S, et al. Ocular TRUST: nationwide antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in ocular isolates. Am J Ophthalmol 2008 Jun; 145(6): 951鈥? CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Robert E. Fintelmann (1) (2)
  Ayman Naseri MD (1) (2) (3)
  
  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
  2. Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
  3. Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, California, 94121, USA
  

文摘

Endophthalmitis is an uncommon but potentially devastating intraocular infection that can occur after routine cataract surgery. Although a broad spectrum of organisms have been shown to cause acute postoperative endophthalmitis, most cases are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which may be introduced at the time of surgery from colonization of adjacent conjunctiva or eyelid skin. Risk factors for the development of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery include patient age, intraoperative surgical complications and poor wound construction. There are several antibacterial strategies employed to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis, with topical, intracameral and subconjunctival delivery being the most common. Worldwide, there seems to be significant regional variance in the type and method of prophylactic antibacterial regimens; for example, topical fluoroquinolones are commonly used in the US, while intracameral cephalosporins are employed widely in Europe. The optimal antibacterial strategy for the prevention of endophthalmitis should be safe, inexpensive and broad in microbiological activity spectrum, while not requiring patient compliance for its effectiveness.