The cell envelope stress response of Bacillus subtilis: from static signaling devices to dynamic regulatory network

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• 作者：Jara Radeck ; Georg Fritz ; Thorsten Mascher
• 关键词：Cell wall antibiotic ; ECF sigma factor ; Lipid II cycle ; Stress response ; Signal transduction ; Two ; component system
• 刊名：Current Genetics
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：63
• 期：1
• 页码：79-90
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Biochemistry, general; Cell Biology; Plant Sciences; Proteomics;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0983
• 卷排序：63

文摘

The cell envelope stress response (CESR) encompasses all regulatory events that enable a cell to protect the integrity of its envelope, an essential structure of any bacterial cell. The underlying signaling network is particularly well understood in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. It consists of a number of two-component systems (2CS) and extracytoplasmic function σ factors that together regulate the production of both specific resistance determinants and general mechanisms to protect the envelope against antimicrobial peptides targeting the biogenesis of the cell wall. Here, we summarize the current picture of the B. subtilis CESR network, from the initial identification of the corresponding signaling devices to unraveling their interdependence and the underlying regulatory hierarchy within the network. In the course of detailed mechanistic studies, a number of novel signaling features could be described for the 2CSs involved in mediating CESR. This includes a novel class of so-called intramembrane-sensing histidine kinases (IM-HKs), which—instead of acting as stress sensors themselves—are activated via interprotein signal transfer. Some of these IM-HKs are involved in sensing the flux of antibiotic resistance transporters, a unique mechanism of responding to extracellular antibiotic challenge.