Microgeographical, inter-individual, and intra-individual variation in the flower characters of Iberian pear Pyrus bourgaeana (Rosaceae)

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• 作者：Magdalena ?ywiec (1) m.zywiec@botany.pl
  Miguel Delibes (2)
  José M. Fedriani (2)
• 关键词：Flower morphology – Metapopulation – Nectar – Phenotypic variation – Sources of variation
• 刊名：Oecologia
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：July 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：169
• 期：3
• 页码：713-722
• 全文大小：391.0 KB
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• 作者单位：1. Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland2. Estación Biológica de Do?ana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de La Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Ecology
  Plant Sciences
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-1939

文摘

Flower characteristics have been traditionally considered relatively constant within species. However, there are an increasing number of examples of variation in flower characteristics. In this study, we examined the variation in attracting and rewarding flower characters at several ecological levels in a metapopulation of Pyrus bourgaeana in the Do?ana area (SW Spain). We answered the following questions: what are the variances of morphological and nectar characters of flowers? How important are intra-individual and inter-individual variance in flower characters? Are there microgeographical differences in flower characters? And if so, are they consistent between years? In 2008 and 2009, we sampled flowers of 72 trees from five localities. For six flower morphological and two nectar characteristics, we calculated coefficients of variation (CV). The partitioning of total variation among-localities, among-individuals, and within-individuals was estimated. To analyze differences among localities and their consistency between years, we conducted generalized linear mixed models. The CVs of nectar characters were always higher than those of morphological characters. As expected, inter-individual variation was the main source of variation of flower morphology, but nectar characters had significant variation at both intra- and inter-individual levels. For most floral traits, there were no differences among localities. Our study documents that variation is a scale-dependent phenomenon and that it is essential to consider intra- and inter-individual variance when investigating the causes and consequences of variation. It also shows that single year studies of floral characters should be viewed with caution.