The growth of Chlorella sorokiniana as influenced by CO2, light, and flue gases

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• 作者：Leiv M. Mortensen ; Hans R. Gislerød
• 关键词：Artificial light ; Biomass ; CO2 concentration ; Daylight ; Flue gas ; Microalgae ; Nitrogen oxides ; O2 concentration ; Sulfur dioxide
• 刊名：Journal of Applied Phycology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：28
• 期：2
• 页码：813-820
• 全文大小：551 KB
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• 作者单位：Leiv M. Mortensen (1)
  Hans R. Gislerød (1)
  
  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Science, The University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
  
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Plant Physiology; Ecology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5176

文摘

In order to achieve recognition as environmentally friendly production, flue gases should be used as a CO₂ source for growing the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana when used for hydrogen production. Flue gases from a waste incinerator and from a silicomanganese smelter were used. Before testing the flue gases, the algae were grown in a laboratory at 0.04, 1.3, 5.9, and 11.0 % (v/v) pure CO₂ gas mixed with fresh air. After 5 days of growth, the dry biomass per liter algal culture reached its maximum at 6.1 % CO₂. A second experiment was conducted in the laboratory at 6.2 % CO₂ at photon flux densities (PFD) of 100, 230, and 320 μmol photons m−2 s−1. After 4 days of growth, increasing the PFD increased the biomass production by 67 and 108 % at the two highest PFD levels, as compared with the lowest PFD. A bioreactor system containing nine daylight-exposed tubes and nine artificial light-exposed tubes was installed on the roof of the waste incinerator. The effect of undiluted flue gas (10.7 % CO₂, 35.8 ppm NO _x , and 38.6 ppm SO₂), flue gas diluted with fresh air to give 4.2 % CO₂ concentration, and 5.0 % pure CO₂ gas was studied in daylight (21.4 ± 9.6 mol photons m−2 day−1 PAR, day length 12.0 h) and at 135 μmol photons m−2 s−1 artificial light given 24 h day−1 (11.7 ± 0.0 mol photons m−2 day−1 PAR). After 4 days’ growth, the biomass production was the same in the two flue gas concentrations and the 5 % pure CO₂ gas control. The biomass production was also the same in daylight and artificial light, which meant that, in artificial light, the light use efficiency was about twice that of daylight. The starch concentration of the algae was unaffected by the light level and CO₂ concentration in the laboratory experiments (2.5–4.0 % of the dry weight). The flue gas concentration had no effect on starch concentration, while the starch concentration increased from about 1.5 % to about 6.0 % when the light source changed from artificial light to daylight. The flue gas from the silicomanganese smelter was characterized by a high CO₂ concentration (about 17 % v/v), low oxygen concentration (about 4 %), about 100 ppm NO _x , and 1 ppm SO₂. The biomass production using flue gas significantly increased as compared with about 5 % pure CO₂ gas, which was similar to the biomass produced at a CO₂ concentration of 10–20 % mixed with N₂. Thus, the enhanced biomass production seemed to be related to the low oxygen concentration rather than to the very high CO₂ concentration.