Climate friendliness of cocoa agroforests is compatible with productivity increase
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- 作者：G枚tz Schroth ; Arzhva毛l Jeusset…
- 关键词：Carbon stock ; Climate ; smart agriculture ; Cocoa agroforest ; Green intensification ; Product carbon footprint ; Theobroma cacao
- 刊名：Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：January 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：21
- 期：1
- 页码：67-80
- 全文大小：365 KB
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Arzhva毛l Jeusset (2)
Andrea da Silva Gomes (3)
Ciro Tavares Florence (4)
N煤bia Aparecida Pinto Coelho (3)
Deborah Faria (5)
Peter L盲derach (6)
1. Rainforest Alliance, Wageningen, The Netherlands
2. Mus茅um National d鈥橦istoire Naturelle, Paris, France
3. Department of Economics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh茅us, Bahia, Brazil
4. Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
5. Department of Ecology and Conservation, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh茅us, Bahia, Brazil
6. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Managua, Nicaragua - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Earth sciences
Meteorology and Climatology
Climate Change
Environmental Management - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-1596
文摘
There is increasing demand for agricultural commodities that are produced in a climate-friendly manner. At the same time, in many or most tropical countries there is need for intensification of agricultural production to increase yields and incomes, and this usually requires higher external inputs that may cause additional greenhouse gas emissions. Here we investigate if production methods that have a beneficial effect on the climate (are climate-friendly) are compatible with increased inputs and yields for traditional, shaded cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production systems (locally known as cabrucas) in southern Bahia, Brazil. We use two easily measurable and manageable dimensions of climate friendliness, namely the carbon (C) stocks in the large trees and the C footprint as related to on-farm agrochemical and fuel use. Through interviews and field inventories in 26 cabruca farms representing a range of production practices and intensities, we identify the combinations of management practices, yields, C stocks and C footprints typically found in the region. We find that yield levels up to the highest encountered yield of 585 kg ha鈭?, or twice the current regional average of 285 kg ha鈭?, are compatible with an aboveground C stock in the large shade trees (>30 cm diameter at breast height) of up to 65 Mg ha鈭? and up to 55 % shade. Higher C stocks and shade levels are generally associated with yields below the regional average. Input-related C emissions increased non-linearly with increasing yield, but even the highest encountered yields were compatible with low (<0.25 kg CO2e kg鈭? of cocoa) to medium (<0.5 kg CO2e kg鈭? of cocoa) input-related emission levels. Cocoa yields responded positively to increased fertilizer applications, provided that other factors, including shade levels, were not limiting. Consequently, the highest input-related emissions (>1 kg CO2e kg鈭? of cocoa) were related to large fertilizer applications that did not proportionately increase yields. We conclude that doubling the cocoa output from southern Bahia, where cabrucas are the predominant form of growing cocoa, is compatible with climate-friendly production practices, measured by local standards. We suggest that the presented methodology can be used to identify opportunities for climate-friendly intensification of tree crops more generally, thereby increasing the contribution of commodity production to global climate change mitigation. Keywords Carbon stock Climate-smart agriculture Cocoa agroforest Green intensification Product carbon footprint Theobroma cacao