Korean Red Ginseng and Ginsenoside-Rb1/-Rg1 Alleviate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1 and Th17 Cells and Upregulating Regulatory T Cells

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• 作者：Min Jung Lee ; Minhee Jang ; Jonghee Choi ; Byung Soo Chang…
• 关键词：Korean red ginseng ; Ginsenosides ; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ; T cell
• 刊名：Molecular Neurobiology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：53
• 期：3
• 页码：1977-2002
• 全文大小：3,003 KB
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• 作者单位：Min Jung Lee (1) (2)
  Minhee Jang (1) (2)
  Jonghee Choi (10) (2)
  Byung Soo Chang (4)
  Do Young Kim (5)
  Sung-Hoon Kim (1)
  Yi-Seong Kwak (6)
  Seikwan Oh (7)
  Jong-Hwan Lee (8)
  Byung-Joon Chang (8)
  Seung-Yeol Nah (9)
  Ik-Hyun Cho (10) (2) (3)
  
  1. Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
  2. Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
  10. Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
  4. Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, 356-706, Republic of Korea
  5. Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
  6. Central Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, 305-805, Republic of Korea
  7. Department of Neuroscience and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Republic of Korea
  8. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
  9. Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
  3. Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
  
• 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurobiology; Cell Biology; Neurology;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1559-1182

文摘

The effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on autoimmune disorders of the nervous system are not clear. We investigated whether KRGE has a beneficial effect on acute and chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Pretreatment (daily from 10 days before immunization with myelin basic protein peptide) with KRGE significantly attenuated clinical signs and loss of body weight and was associated with the suppression of spinal demyelination and glial activation in acute EAE rats, while onset treatment (daily after the appearance of clinical symptoms) did not. The suppressive effect of KRGE corresponded to the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin [IL]-1β), chemokines (RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α [MIP-1α]), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule [PECAM-1]), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the spinal cord after immunization. Interestingly, in acute EAE rats, pretreatment with KRGE significantly reduced the population of CD4+, CD4+/IFN-γ+, and CD4+/IL-17+ T cells in the spinal cord and lymph nodes, corresponding to the downregulation of mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23 in the spinal cord. On the other hand, KRGE pretreatment increased the population of CD4+/Foxp3+ T cells in the spinal cord and lymph nodes of these rats, corresponding to the upregulation of mRNA expression of Foxp3 in the spinal cord. Interestingly, intrathecal pretreatment of rats with ginsenosides (Rg1 and Rb1) significantly decreased behavioral impairment. These results strongly indicate that KRGE has a beneficial effect on the development and progression of EAE by suppressing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 T cells and upregulating regulatory T cells. Additionally, pre- and onset treatment with KRGE alleviated neurological impairment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein_35–55-induced mouse model of chronic EAE. These results warrant further investigation of KRGE as preventive or therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.