Objective: To summarize the experience of management for primary retroperitoneal tumor (PRPT) and to analyze the factors influencing the outcome after operation. Methods: The data of 600 cases of PRPT in General Hospital of PLA were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of 600 cases of PRPT, 546 were surgically treated. Among them, 369 were malignant and 177 benign. 366 cases were followed up for 1 month to 15 years. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rate in the patients subject to complete resection was 90.5%, 73.2% and 53.6%, respectively, and that in incomplete resection patients was 70.6%, 32.0%, 5.7% respectively (P<0.01). The Cox multi-various regression analysis revealed showed completeness of tumor resection, sex and histologic type were associated closely with local recurrence. Conclusion: Sufficient preoperative preparation and complete tumor resection play important roles for reducing recurrence and improving survival.