Flavor perception test: evaluation in patients with Kallmann syndrome

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• 作者：Luigi Maione ; Elena Cantone ; Immacolata Cristina Nettore ; Gaetana Cerbone…
• 关键词：Kallmann syndrome ; Flavor ; Taste ; Hypogonadism ; Olfaction ; Fertility
• 刊名：Endocrine
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：52
• 期：2
• 页码：236-243
• 全文大小：440 KB
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• 作者单位：Luigi Maione (1)
  Elena Cantone (2)
  Immacolata Cristina Nettore (1)
  Gaetana Cerbone (3)
  Davide De Brasi (4)
  Nunzia Maione (2)
  Jacques Young (5)
  Carolina Di Somma (6)
  Antonio Agostino Sinisi (7)
  Maurizio Iengo (2)
  Paolo Emidio Macchia (1)
  Rosario Pivonello (1)
  Annamaria Colao (1)
  
  1. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Area Funzionale di Endocrinologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
  2. Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, UOC di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
  3. Dipartimento Materno Infantile, U.O. Genetica Medica, L’Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specialità San Giuseppe Moscati, 83100, Avellino, Italy
  4. Dipartimento dei Servizi A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli, Unità Operativa Struttura Complessa U.O.S.C. di Genetica Medica, 80131, Naples, Italy
  5. Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
  6. IRCCS Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare SDN, 80143, Naples, Italy
  7. Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università Degli Studi di Napoli, 80131, Naples, Italy
  
• 刊物主题：Endocrinology; Diabetes; Internal Medicine; Science, general;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1559-0100

文摘

In Kallmann syndrome (KS), congenital hypogonadism is associated with olfactory impairment. To evaluate flavor perception-related disability in KS patients, 30 patients with KS, 12 with normosmic hypogonadism (nIHH), 24 with acquired anosmia (AA), and 58 healthy controls entered the study. All participants completed questionnaires concerning dietary habits, olfaction-related quality of life (QoL), and self-determined olfactory, flavor, and taste abilities prior to undergoing standardized olfactometry and gustometry. Each subject underwent flavor testing, using orally administered aqueous aromatic solutions, identifying 21 different compounds by choosing each out of 5 alternative items. Flavor score (FS) was calculated as the sum of correct answers (range 0–21). Flavor perception by self-assessment was similar between KS, nIHH, and controls, and was mostly reduced only in AA. FS was similar between KS (5.4 ± 1.4) and AA (6.4 ± 1.9), and lower than in nIHH (16.2 ± 2.4, p < 0.001) and controls (16.8 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001). FS showed strong reproducibility, and correlated with olfactory scores in the overall population. KS and AA patients identified aromatics eliciting trigeminal stimulation better than pure odorants. Olfaction-related QoL was more impaired in AA than in KS. We report significant flavor impairment in KS. This contrasts with routine clinic evidence; KS patients, in contrast with AA, do not complain of flavor perception impairment, perhaps owing to the congenital nature of the dysfunction. Flavor perception impairment should be considered a specific KS disability, because of important detrimental effects on physical and mental health and on QoL. KS patients should also be advised of this impairment in order to prevent accidental and life-threatening events.