Recent studies on micro-/nano-sized biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy

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• 作者：Ok Park ; Gyeonghui Yu ; Heejung Jung ; Hyejung Mok
• 关键词：Immunotherapy ; Tumor microenvironment ; Cancer ; Macrophages ; Dendritic cells ; Checkpoint molecules
• 刊名：Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：47
• 期：1
• 页码：11-18
• 全文大小：1715KB
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine, general;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：2093-6214
• 卷排序：47

文摘

To overcome the suppressive tumor microenvironment and boost the antitumor effect of the immune system, recent studies have focused on a diverse range of immune checkpoint molecules. Several immune checkpoint molecules are currently approved for clinical use, including immunotherapy using antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death protein-1. Biomaterials such as particle-based systems, scaffolds, and conjugates have been harnessed to elevate the biological performance of immune modulators in vivo by enhancing their delivery efficiency and in vivo half-life. In particular, microparticles are advantageous for the sustained release of encapsulated immune stimulators and selective intracellular delivery to phagocytic APCs such as dendritic cells and macrophages for activation of cell-mediated immune responses through cytotoxic T cells. Nanoparticles have ideal properties for targeted delivery of immune-regulating molecules to tumor-draining lymph nodes after systemic injection. More recent therapeutic approaches, including combination therapy of immune checkpoint molecules with small molecular anticancer or anti-inflammation drugs, may help to broaden the range of current therapeutic targets and lower side effects. Taken together, particle-based biomaterials could enhance therapeutic outcomes of current biotherapies (antibodies, cells, and genes), and—more importantly—of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapies.