Conservation status and utilization of Caralluma edulis: an important threatened medicinal plant species of the Thar Desert, India

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：J. P. Singh ; Suresh Kumar ; K. Venkatesan…
• 关键词：Caralluma edulis ; Entomo ; philous pollination ; In ; situ conservation ; Medicinal value ; Pimpa ; Succulent
• 刊名：Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：63
• 期：4
• 页码：721-732
• 全文大小：1,294 KB
• 参考文献：Adnan M, Jan S, Mussarat S, Tariq A, Begum S, Afroz A, Shinwari ZK (2014) A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of plant genus Caralluma R.Br. J Pharm Pharmac 66:1351–1368CrossRef
  Ahmad M, Qureshi R, Arshad M, Khan MA, Zafar M (2009) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of diabetes from District Attock (Pakistan). Pak J Bot 41:2777–2782
  Alam MT (1999) Phytochemical studies on Caralluma tuberculata, Caralluma edulis and Pharmacological studies on Sida pakistanika. Ph.D. thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi
  Ali SI (1986) Under-exploited economic plants of Pakistan. J Arid Environ 11:17–25
  Ali T, Ali SI (1989) Pollen biology of Calotropis procera ssp. hamiltonii (Asclepiadaceae). Phyton 20:175–188
  Ali T, Ali SI (1996) Effect of sugar concentration on pollinium germination in some members of Aclepiadaceae. Pak J Bot 28(2):161–165
  Ali H, Sannai J, Sher H, Rashid A (2011) Ethnobotanical profile of some plant resources in Malam Jabba valley of Swat. Pak J Med Plant Res 5:4171–4180
  Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot J Linn Soc 141:399–436CrossRef
  Anonymous (1992) The Wealth of India, Raw Materials, vol 3. CA-CI (Revised) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi
  Ansari NM, Houlihan L, Hussain B, Pieroni A (2005) Antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by South-Asian migrants in Bradford, Yorkshire, UK. Phytother Res 19:907–911CrossRef PubMed
  Atal CK, Sharma BM, Bhatia AK (1979) Wild vegetables emergency foods of Sunderbani (J & K). Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Jammu-Tawi
  Atal CK, Sharma BM, Bhatia AK (1980) Search of emergency foods through wild flora of Jammu and Kashmir State: Sunderbani area. Indian Forester 106:211–219
  Balasubramanium P, Prasad SN (1996) Ethnobotany and conservation of medicinal plants by Irulas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. In: Jain SK (ed) Ethnobotany in Human Welfare. Deep Publications, New Delhi, pp 271–273
  Bensuzan K (2009) Taxonomy and conservation status of Moroccan stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae-Stapeliinae). Bull Inst Sci Univ Rabat 31:67–77
  Bhandari MM (1990) Flora of the Indian Desert. MPS Repros, Rajasthan
  Bobich EG, North GB (2009) Structural implications of succulence: architecture, anatomy, and mechanics of photosynthetic stem succulents and leaf succulents. In: De-la-Barrera E, Smith WK (eds) Perspectives in biophysical plant ecophysiology: a tribute to park S. Nobel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico, pp 3–37
  Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC (1956) Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi
  Dutt HC, Singh S, Avula B, Khan IA, Bedi YS (2012) Pharmacological review of Caralluma R. Br. with special reference to appetite suppression and anti-obesity. J Med Food 15:108–119CrossRef PubMed
  Evans WC (2002) Trease and evans, pharmacognosy, 15th edn. W.B Saunders Company, London
  Gilbert MG (1990) A review of Caralluma R. Br. and its segregates. Bradleya 8:1–32
  Hammer O, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4(1):9. http://​palaeo-electronica.​org/​2001_​1/​past/​issue1_​01.​htm
  Herrera A (2009) Crassulacean acid metabolism and fitness under water deficit stress: if not for carbon gain, what is facultative CAM good for? Ann Bot 103:645–653CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  Heuer MA, Clement K, Thomas M, Peters J (2010) Appetite-suppressing weight management composition. US Patent 2010/0124578, A1
  Jagtap AP, Singh P (1999) Fascicles of flora of India, fascicle 24. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp 190–211
  Jansen PCM (2004) Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. ex Hook. f. In: Grubben GJH, Denton OA (eds) PROTA 2: vegetables/légumes [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen
  Kaur G, Rathore TS, Rama Rao S, Shekhawat NS (1992) In-vitro micropropagation of Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. & Hook f.—a rare edible plant species of Indian Desert. Indian J Plant Genet Resour 5:51–56
  Khan TI, Dular AK, Solomon DM (2003) Biodiversity conservation in the Thar Desert with emphasis on endemic and medicinal plants. Environmentalist 23:137–144CrossRef
  Luttge U (2007) Clusia: a woody neotropical genus of remarkable plasticity and diversity. Springer, HeidelbergCrossRef
  Mahmood A, Mahmood A, Tabassum A (2011) Ethnomedical survey of plants from District Sialkot, Pakistan. J Appl Pharm 2(3):212–220
  Masrahi YS, Al-Turki TA, Sayed OH (2012) Crassulacean acid metabolism permutation and survival of Caralluma species (Apocynaceae) in arid habitats. Ecol Balk 4(1):63–71
  Menon AR, Bhatti KM, Menon AN (1984) Chemical analysis of Caralluma edulis Benth. and Oxystelma esclantum R.Br. Plant. J Chem Soc Pak 6:71–72
  Meve U, Liede S (2002) A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). Plant Syst Evol 234:171–209CrossRef
  Meve U, Liede S (2004) Sub-tribal division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadaceae). Taxon 53:61–72CrossRef
  Mustafa K (2014) A report on ‘Domestication of wild Caralluma tuberculata’ Department of Botany. Kohat Univeristy of Science and Technology, Kohat
  Naik RM, Vaishnavi V, Preethi K, Krishnamurthy YL (2012) Nutritive value and mineral composition of edible Caralluma and Boucerosia species from the arid areas of Karnataka. Int J Agric Environ Biotech 5:117–125
  Nobel SP (1988) Environmental biology of agaves and cacti. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 284
  Patel AK, Phulwaria M, Rai MK, Gupta AK, Shekhawat S, Shekhawat NS (2014) In-vitro propagation and ex-vitro rooting of Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. & Hook. f.: an endemic and endangered edible plant species of the Thar Desert. Sci Hortic 165:175–180CrossRef
  Rathore MS, Dagla HR, Singh M, Shekhawat NS (2008) Rational development in vitro methods for conservation, propagation and characterization of Caralluma edulis. World J Agric Sci 4:121–124
  Rizwani GH (1991) Phytochemical and biological studies on medicinal herbs, Caralluma tuberculata and Caralluma edulis. A Ph.D. thesis in Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
  Safa O, Soltanipoor MA, Rastegar S, Kazemi M, Dehkordi KN, Ghannadi A (2013) An ethnobotanical survey on Hormozgan Province, Iran. Avicenna J Phytomed 3(1):64–81PubMed PubMedCentral
  Saiprasad Goud P, Pullaiah T (1996) Ethnobotany of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. In: Jain SK (ed) Ethnobotanmy in human welfare. Deep Publications, New Delhi, pp 410–412
  Samydurai P, Thangapandian V (2012) The effects of different treatments on promotion of seed germination, successive of seedling growth of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. A globally endangered medicinal plant. J Res Conserv Biol 1:36–40
  Sattar EA, Harraz FM, Al-ansari SMA, Mekkawy SE, Ichino C, Kiyohara H, Ishiyama A, Otoguro K, Omura S, Yamada H (2008) Acylated pregnane glycosides from Caralluma tuberculata and their anti-parasitic activity. Phytochemistry 69:2180–2186CrossRef PubMed
  Sayed OH (2001) Aridity and plant survival in desert environments. In: Prakash I (ed) Ecology of desert environments. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, pp 87–103
  Shah A, Marwat SK, Gohar F, Khan A, Bhatti KH, Amin M, Din NU, Ahmad M, Zafar M (2013) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of semi-tribal area of Makerwal & Gulla Khel (lying between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces), Pakistan. Am J Plant Sci 4(1):98–116CrossRef
  Sher H (2011) Ethnoecological evaluation of some medicinal and aromatic plants of Kot Malakand Agency. Pak Sci Res Essays 6:2164–2173
  Shinwari ZK, Watanabe T, Rehman M, Youshikawa T (2006) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Pakistan (a pictorial guide) Kohat,Pakistan. Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
  Singh AK (2004) Endangered economic species of Indian desert. Genet Resour Crop Evol 51:371–380CrossRef
  Singh JP, Suresh Kumar, Venkatesan K, Kulloli RN (2014) Pimpa (Caralluma edulis): a traditional food cum medicinal plant of Thar Desert. In: CAZRI news, no. 1 (Apr.–Jun.), 2014–2015
  Tareen RB, Bibi T, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Zafar M (2010) Indigenous knowledge of folk medicine by the women of Kalat and Khuzdar regions of Balochistan, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 42(3):1465–1485
  Ugraiah A, Sreelatha VR, Krishna Reddy PV, Rajasekhar K, Rani SS, Karuppusamy S, Pullaiah T (2011) In-vitro shoot multiplication and conservation of Caralluma bhupenderiana Sarkaria—an endangered medicinal plant from South India. Afr J Biotechnol 10:9328–9336
  Venkatesh S, Reddy GD, Reddy BM, Ramesh M, Rao AVNA (2003) Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Caralluma attenuata. Fitoterapia 74:274–279CrossRef PubMed
  Wadood A, Wadood N, Shah SA (1989) Effects of Acacia arabica and Caralluma edulis on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J Pak Med Assoc 9:208–212
  Watt G (1889) A dictionary of ‘The Economic Products of India’, vol 2. Govt. Press., Calcutta, pp 782–783
  
• 作者单位：J. P. Singh (1)
  Suresh Kumar (2)
  K. Venkatesan (1)
  R. N. Kulloli (2)
  
  1. Regional Research Station, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, 345 001, India
  2. ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 003, India
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  Plant Physiology
  Plant Pathology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5109

文摘

Caralluma edulis locally known as “Pimpa”, is an important food-cum-medicinal plant of the extreme arid regions of the Thar Desert. It is a drought resistant stem succulent occurring in dry sandy places in hot arid areas preferably within the large tussocks of Murath grass (Panicum turgidum). Traditionally, its succulent stems are consumed raw as greens, vegetable and is also used as medicinal plant of the Thar Desert of India. Degradation of rangelands due to high grazing pressure and changes in land use pattern has threatened its existence. This study was therefore, taken up to identify the sites for in-situ conservation of C. edulis through field survey in Jaisalmer district and also to characterise/evaluate the collected germplasm ex-situ for its sustainable utilization in future. The issues related to both in and ex situ conservation were also investigated. Field surveys conducted in Jaisalmer in arid part of the Thar Desert in India during August to October for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) revealed its occurrence in patches in villages such as Khuyiyala, Bahramsar dham, Deva-II and Chandan. Germplasm of C. edulis by means of rooted-stems collected from above sites was planted in nursery at Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Jaisalmer. Data were recorded on its growth, reproductive behaviour and germination. Initial and final germination of seeds of C. edulis (collected from plants raised by rooted-stems of Chandan area) recorded in nursery as 32.1 and 87.5 % on 4th and 6th days after sowing, respectively. The statistical analysis of characters under study revealed the presence of high co-efficient of variation (CV in %) in number of branches per plant (51.71) followed by number of pod (in pair) per plant (49.41) and least in collar diameter (10.05). The range and mean values of some important characters are as follows: plant height (38.0–62.0 and 50.7 cm), number of branches per plant (1.0–10.0 and 3.9), number of flowers per plant (2.0–7.0 and 4.8), number of seeds per pod (15.0–30.0 and 20.8) and seed length (4.9–8.7 and 7.0 mm), respectively. As it flowered and set seeds at nursery in our study, it has opened avenues for large scale multiplication and future cultivation of the species. These findings along with its economic importance are detailed in this paper.