Observation of summertime upwelling off the eastern and northeastern coasts of Hainan Island, China

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• 作者：Peigen Lin ; Jianyu Hu ; Quanan Zheng ; Zhenyu Sun ; Jia Zhu
• 关键词：Upwelling off Hainan Island ; Wind ; Freshwater ; Turbulent mixing ; Fuzzy c ; means algorithm
• 刊名：Ocean Dynamics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：66
• 期：3
• 页码：387-399
• 全文大小：3,776 KB
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• 作者单位：Peigen Lin (1)
  Jianyu Hu (1)
  Quanan Zheng (1) (2)
  Zhenyu Sun (1)
  Jia Zhu (1)
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
  2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Oceanography
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Fluids
  Structural Foundations and Hydraulic Engineering
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1616-7228

文摘

Using cruise observations and reanalysis data, this study analyzes the effects of wind, freshwater, and turbulent mixing on the two upwellings: one is off the eastern coast of Hainan Island (HEU) and the other is off the northeastern coast of Hainan Island (HNEU). During the cruise in 2009, the HNEU occurred with southwesterly to southeasterly wind. The relative large values of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and diffusivity estimated from the Thorpe scale indicate that the upwelling water is further uplifted to the surface by strong turbulent mixing in the HNEU region. But the HEU was not observed under the southeasterly wind. During the cruise in 2012, the HNEU disappeared in the upper layer with freshwater covered and southeasterly wind, while the apparent HEU only accompanied with southwesterly wind. To obtain the general characteristics, we define three types of upwelling patterns, i.e., the intensified HEU, the intensified HNEU, and both HEU and HNEU in one day, using the reanalysis data. The composites of sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and precipitate for each upwelling pattern identify that the HNEU is associated with the prevailing southeasterly wind and can be limited in the lower layer when it is covered by freshwater. But the HEU is mainly driven by southwesterly wind but is not remarkably affected by freshwater.