Spatial and temporal variability of fluoride concentrations in groundwater resources of Larestan and Gerash regions in Iran from 2003 to 2010
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- 作者：Hassan Amini ; Gholam Ali Haghighat ; Masud Yunesian…
- 关键词：Fluoride toxicity ; Groundwater resources ; Iran ; Mann–Kendall trend test ; Spatial variability ; Spatiotemporal
- 刊名：Environmental Geochemistry and Health
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：February 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：38
- 期：1
- 页码：25-37
- 全文大小：3,347 KB
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Gholam Ali Haghighat (13) (4)
Masud Yunesian (5) (6)
Ramin Nabizadeh (6)
Amir Hossein Mahvi (6) (7)
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani (6)
Rahim Davani (8)
Abd-Rasool Aminian (9)
Mansour Shamsipour (10) (5)
Naser Hassanzadeh (11) (14)
Hossein Faramarzi (12)
Alireza Mesdaghinia (15) (6)
1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
2. University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
3. Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
13. University of Applied Science and Technology, Larestan, Iran
4. Larestan School of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
5. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7. Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
8. Wastewater Laboratory, Shiraz Health Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
9. Basic Studies of Water Resources, Fars South Center, Larestan, Iran
10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
11. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sardasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardasht, Iran
14. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Sardasht, Iran
12. Department of Social Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
15. Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Earth sciences
Geochemistry
Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
Public Health - 出版者：Springer Netherlands
- ISSN：1573-2983
文摘
There is discrepancy about intervals of fluoride monitoring in groundwater resources by Iranian authorities. Spatial and temporal variability of fluoride in groundwater resources of Larestan and Gerash regions in Iran were analyzed from 2003 to 2010 using a geospatial information system and the Mann–Kendall trend test. The mean concentrations of fluoride for the 8-year period in the eight cities and 31 villages were 1.6 and 2.0 mg/l, respectively; the maximum values were 2.4 and 3.8 mg/l, respectively. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal variability of fluoride in overall groundwater resources were relatively constant over the years. However, results of the Mann–Kendall trend test revealed a monotonic trend in the time series of one city and 11 villages for the 8-year period. Specifically, one city and three villages showed positive significant Kendall’s Tau values, suggesting an upward trend in fluoride concentrations over the 8-year period. In contrast, seven villages displayed negative significant Kendall’s Tau values, arguing for a downward trend in fluoride concentrations over the years. From 2003 to 2010, approximately 52 % of the Larestan and Gerash areas have had fluoride concentrations above the maximum permissible Iranian drinking water standard fluoride level (1.4 mg/l), and about 116,000 people were exposed to such excess amounts. Therefore, our study supports for a close monitoring of fluoride concentrations from health authorities in monthly intervals, especially in villages and cities that showed positive trend in fluoride concentrations. Moreover, we recommend simultaneous implementation of cost-effective protective measures or interventions until a standard fluoride level is achieved. Keywords Fluoride toxicity Groundwater resources Iran Mann–Kendall trend test Spatial variability Spatiotemporal