Consumptive and non-consumptive effects of an invasive marine predator on native coral-reef herbivores
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- 作者：Tye L. Kindinger ; Mark A. Albins
- 关键词：Predator–prey interactions ; Non ; lethal effects ; Antipredator behavior ; Trait ; mediated effects ; Trophic cascade
- 刊名：Biological Invasions
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：January 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：19
- 期：1
- 页码：131-146
- 全文大小：
- 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
- 刊物主题：Ecology; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Plant Sciences; Developmental Biology;
- 出版者：Springer International Publishing
- ISSN：1573-1464
- 卷排序：19
文摘
Invasive predators typically have larger effects on native prey populations than native predators, yet the potential roles of their consumptive versus non-consumptive effects (CEs vs. NCEs) in structuring invaded systems remains unclear. Invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) may have ecosystem-level effects by altering native fish grazing on benthic algae that could otherwise displace corals. Lionfish could reduce grazing by decreasing the abundance of herbivorous fishes (CEs), and/or the predation risk posed by lionfish could alter grazing behavior of fishes (NCEs). To test for these CEs, we manipulated lionfish densities on large reefs in The Bahamas and surveyed fish populations throughout June 2009–2011. In July 2011, NCEs of lionfish were measured by observing fish grazing behavior on algal-covered substrata placed in microhabitats varying in lionfish presence at different spatial scales, and quantifying any resulting algal loss. Lionfish reduced small herbivorous fish density by the end of the 2010 summer recruitment season. Grazing by small and large fishes was reduced on high-lionfish-density reefs, and small fish grazing further decreased when in the immediate presence of lionfish within-reefs. Lionfish had a negative indirect effect on algal loss, with 66–80 % less algae removed from substrata in high-lionfish-density reefs. Parrotfishes were likely driving the response of herbivorous fishes to both CEs and NCEs of lionfish. These results demonstrate the importance of considering NCEs in addition to CEs of invasive predators when assessing the effects of invasions.