Functional MRI evidence for the decline of word retrieval and generation during normal aging

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• 作者：M. Baciu ; N. Boudiaf ; E. Cousin ; M. Perrone-Bertolotti ; C. Pichat ; N. Fournet…
• 关键词：Normal aging ; Lexical ; Executive ; Semantic ; Fluency ; fMRI
• 刊名：AGE
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：38
• 期：1
• 全文大小：3,050 KB
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• 作者单位：M. Baciu (1) (2)
  N. Boudiaf (1) (2)
  E. Cousin (1) (2) (5)
  M. Perrone-Bertolotti (1) (2)
  C. Pichat (1) (2)
  N. Fournet (2) (3)
  H. Chainay (4)
  L. Lamalle (5)
  A. Krainik (5) (6)
  
  1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040, Grenoble, France
  2. CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38040, Grenoble, France
  5. UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38043, Grenoble, France
  3. Univ. Savoie Montblanc, LPNC, F-73000, Chambéry, France
  4. Laboratoire d’Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, F-69676, Bron, France
  6. GIN Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38043, Grenoble, France
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Cell Biology
  Geriatrics and Gerontology
  Molecular Medicine
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1574-4647

文摘

This fMRI study aimed to explore the effect of normal aging on word retrieval and generation. The question addressed is whether lexical production decline is determined by a direct mechanism, which concerns the language operations or is rather indirectly induced by a decline of executive functions. Indeed, the main hypothesis was that normal aging does not induce loss of lexical knowledge, but there is only a general slowdown in retrieval mechanisms involved in lexical processing, due to possible decline of the executive functions. We used three tasks (verbal fluency, object naming, and semantic categorization). Two groups of participants were tested (Young, Y and Aged, A), without cognitive and psychiatric impairment and showing similar levels of vocabulary. Neuropsychological testing revealed that older participants had lower executive function scores, longer processing speeds, and tended to have lower verbal fluency scores. Additionally, older participants showed higher scores for verbal automatisms and overlearned information. In terms of behavioral data, older participants performed as accurate as younger adults, but they were significantly slower for the semantic categorization and were less fluent for verbal fluency task. Functional MRI analyses suggested that older adults did not simply activate fewer brain regions involved in word production, but they actually showed an atypical pattern of activation. Significant correlations between the BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) signal of aging-related (A > Y) regions and cognitive scores suggested that this atypical pattern of the activation may reveal several compensatory mechanisms (a) to overcome the slowdown in retrieval, due to the decline of executive functions and processing speed and (b) to inhibit verbal automatic processes. The BOLD signal measured in some other aging-dependent regions did not correlate with the behavioral and neuropsychological scores, and the overactivation of these uncorrelated regions would simply reveal dedifferentiation that occurs with aging. Altogether, our results suggest that normal aging is associated with a more difficult access to lexico-semantic operations and representations by a slowdown in executive functions, without any conceptual loss. Keywords Normal aging Lexical Executive Semantic Fluency fMRI