Getting Personal with Mindfulness: a Latent Profile Analysis of Mindfulness and Psychological Outcomes
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Adrian J. Bravo ; Laura G. Boothe ; Matthew R. Pearson
- 关键词：Mindfulness ; Emotional health ; Psychological flexibility ; Psychological well ; being ; Latent profile analysis ; Person ; centered analysis
- 刊名：Mindfulness
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：April 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：7
- 期：2
- 页码：420-432
- 全文大小：566 KB
- 参考文献：Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In B. N. Petrov & F. Casaki (Eds.), Second International Symposium on Information Theory (pp. 267–281). Budapest: Academiai Kiado.
Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 716–723. doi:10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705 .CrossRef
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2007). Computationally efficient estimation of multilevel high-dimensional latent variable models. Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Statistical Meetings, Section on Statistics in Epidemiology (2531–2535). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 .CrossRef PubMed
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329–342. doi:10.1177/1073191107313003 .CrossRef PubMed
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph007 .
Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 1–19. doi:10.1002/jclp.20542 .CrossRef PubMed
Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., Roos, C. R., & Pearson, M. R. (2015). Five facets of mindfulness and psychological symptoms: evaluating a psychological model of the mechanism of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 6, 1021–1032. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0349-4 .CrossRef PubMed
Carey, K. B., Neal, D. J., & Collins, S. E. (2004). A psychometric analysis of the self-regulation questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 253–260. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.004 .CrossRef PubMed
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23–33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7 .CrossRef PubMed
Clark, S. L., & Muthén, B. (2009). Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis. Submitted for publication. Available from http://www.statmodel.com/download/relatinglca.pd
Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2010). Latent class and latent transition analysis with applications in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Eaton, W. W., Muntaner, C., Smith, C., Tien, A., & Ybarra, M. (2004). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (3rd ed., pp. 363–377). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Fernandez, A. C., Wood, M. D., Stein, L. A. R., & Rossi, J. S. (2010). Measuring mindfulness and examining its relationship with alcohol use and negative consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 608–616. doi:10.1037/a0021742 .CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M. H., Segal, Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 38, 234–246. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003 .CrossRef PubMed
Godfrey, K. M., Gallo, L. C., & Afari, N. (2015). Mindfulness-based interventions for binge eating: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 348–362.CrossRef PubMed
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanah, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 1–12.CrossRef PubMed
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553–578.
Henson, J. M., Reise, S. P., & Kim, K. H. (2007). Detecting mixtures from structural model differences using latent variable mixture modeling: a comparison of relative model fit statistics. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 202–226. doi:10.1080/10705510709336744 .CrossRef
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47.CrossRef PubMed
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Books.
Lilja, J. L., Lundh, L.-G., Josefsson, T., & Falkenstӧm, F. (2013). Observing as an essential facet of mindfulness: a comparison of FFMQ patterns in meditating and non-meditating individuals. Mindfulness, 4, 203–2012. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0111-8 .CrossRef
Lo, Y., Mendell, N., & Rubin, D. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767–778. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.3.767 .CrossRef
Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Morin, A. J. (2009). Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: synergy of person-and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 191–225. doi:10.1080/10705510902751010 .CrossRef
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn state worry questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 .CrossRef
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
Pearson, M. R., Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., & Witkiewitz, K. (2015a). Staying in the moment and finding purpose: the associations of trait mindfulness, decentering, and purpose in life with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and alcohol-related problems. Mindfulness, 6, 645–653. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0300-8 .CrossRef
Pearson, M. R., Lawless, A. K., Brown, D. B., & Bravo, A. J. (2015b). Mindfulness and emotional outcomes: identifying subgroups of college students using latent profile analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 33–38. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.009 .CrossRef PubMed
Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., & Brown, D. B. (2015). Drinking motives mediate the negative associations between mindfulness facets and alcohol outcomes among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 176–183. doi:10.1037/a0038529 .CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 .CrossRef
Sakamoto, Y., Ishiguro, M., & Kitagawa, G. (1986). Akaike information criterion statistics. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: D. Reidel.
Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136 .CrossRef
Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373–386. doi:10.1002/jclp.20237 .CrossRef PubMed
Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., Compare, A., Zangeneh, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Buddhist-derived loving-kindness and compassion meditation for the treatment of psychopathology: a systematic review. Mindfulness, 6, 1161–1180.CrossRef
Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The distress tolerance scale: development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 83–102. doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3 .CrossRef
Van Dam, N. T., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Validation of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale—revised (CESD-R): Pragmatic depression assessment in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 186, 128-132. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.018 .
Vuong, Q. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses. Econometrica, 57, 307–333. doi:10.2307/1912557 .CrossRef - 作者单位：Adrian J. Bravo (1)
Laura G. Boothe (2)
Matthew R. Pearson (3)
1. Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
2. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
3. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE MSC 11-6280, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, USA - 刊物主题：Cognitive Psychology; Pediatrics; Child and School Psychology; Psychology, general; Public Health; Social Sciences, general;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：1868-8535
文摘
Variable-centered analyses demonstrate that most facets of mindfulness are associated with improved psychological well-being. Person-centered analyses provide the ability to identify distinct subpopulations defined by individuals’ full response profiles on mindfulness facets. Previous research has used latent profile analysis (LPA) to distinguish four subgroups of college students based on five facets of mindfulness: high mindfulness group, low mindfulness group, judgmentally observing group, and non-judgmentally aware group. On emotional outcomes, they found the judgmentally observing group had the most maladaptive emotional outcomes followed by the low mindfulness group. However, they did not examine experience with mindfulness meditation, other mindfulness-related constructs, or psychological well-being. In a sample of 688 college students (481 non-meditators, 200 meditators), we used LPA to identify distinct subgroups defined by their scores on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Using the Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test, we found that a 4-class solution fits optimally for the entire sample as well as subsamples of meditation-naïve and meditation-experienced participants. We substantially replicated previous findings in all samples with regard to emotional outcomes. Further, the high mindfulness group demonstrated the highest levels of psychological well-being, decentering, self-regulation, and psychological flexibility. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of person-centered analyses to examine mindfulness in unique ways.