Psychological Resources as Mediators of the Association Between Social Class and Health: Comparative Findings from Japan and the USA

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• 作者：Chiemi Kan (1)
  Norito Kawakami (1)
  Mayumi Karasawa (2)
  Gayle Dienberg Love (3)
  Christopher L. Coe (3)
  Yuri Miyamoto (3)
  Carol D. Ryff (3)
  Shinobu Kitayama (4)
  Katherine B. Curhan (5)
  Hazel Rose Markus (5)
  
• 关键词：Socioeconomic status ; Sense of control ; Self ; esteem ; Neuroticism ; Optimism ; Mediation analysis
• 刊名：International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：February 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：21
• 期：1
• 页码：53-65
• 全文大小：284 KB
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• 作者单位：Chiemi Kan (1)
  Norito Kawakami (1)
  Mayumi Karasawa (2)
  Gayle Dienberg Love (3)
  Christopher L. Coe (3)
  Yuri Miyamoto (3)
  Carol D. Ryff (3)
  Shinobu Kitayama (4)
  Katherine B. Curhan (5)
  Hazel Rose Markus (5)
  
  1. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  2. Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
  3. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
  4. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  5. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
  
• ISSN：1532-7558

文摘

Background Recently, researchers have proposed that psychological resources might be key concept in explaining the association between social class and health. However, empirical examinations of the extent to which psychological resources to social class in health are still few. Purpose This study investigated mediating effects of selected psychological resources (sense of control, self-esteem, optimism, and neuroticism) on the association of social class [education and subjective social status (SSS)] with current health status (self-rated health and the number of chronic conditions). Method This sample consisted of 1,805 Americans (818 males and 987 females) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, 2004-006 and 1,027 Japanese (505 males and 522 females) from the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) survey in Tokyo, Japan, 2008-010. Information on social class, psychological resources, and health status was obtained using telephone interviews or written questionnaires. Results A mediation analysis was conducted separately for males and females in Japan and the USA. Neuroticism significantly mediated the association of education and SSS with self-rated health and chronic conditions among males and females in both countries, with one exception (not for chronic conditions among Japanese females). Sense of control significantly mediated the association of education and SSS with self-rated health among males and females in both countries. As hypothesized, self-esteem significantly mediated almost all of the associations of education and SSS with self-rated health and chronic conditions among men and women in the USA, but very few such associations in Japan. Optimism significantly mediated most associations of social class and health status in both countries, but only among females. Conclusions Overall, the findings underscore important culture- and gender specificity in the ways in which psychosocial resources mediate the links between social class and health.