The Plasminogen Activation System Promotes Dendritic Spine Recovery and Improvement in Neurological Function After an Ischemic Stroke

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• 作者：Valerie Jeanneret ; Manuel Yepes
• 关键词：Plasticity ; Recovery ; Plasminogen activation ; Tissue ; type plasminogen activator ; Urokinase ; type plasminogen activator ; Ischemic stroke
• 刊名：Translational Stroke Research
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：8
• 期：1
• 页码：47-56
• 全文大小：
• 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurology; Cardiology; Neurosurgery; Vascular Surgery;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1868-601X
• 卷排序：8

文摘

Advances in neurocritical care and interventional neuroradiology have led to a significant decrease in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) mortality. In contrast, due to the lack of an effective therapeutic strategy to promote neuronal recovery among AIS survivors, cerebral ischemia is still a leading cause of disability in the world. Ischemic stroke has a harmful impact on synaptic structure and function, and plasticity-mediated synaptic recovery is associated with neurological improvement following an AIS. Dendritic spines (DSs) are specialized dendritic protrusions that receive most of the excitatory input in the brain. The deleterious effect of cerebral ischemia on DSs morphology and function has been associated with impaired synaptic transmission and neurological deterioration. However, these changes are reversible if cerebral blood flow is restored on time, and this recovery has been associated with neurological improvement following an AIS. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are two serine proteases that, besides catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin in the intravascular and pericellular environment, respectively, are also efficient inductors of synaptic plasticity. Accordingly, recent evidence indicates that both, tPA and uPA, protect DSs from the metabolic stress associated with the ischemic injury, and promote their morphological and functional recovery during the recovery phase from an AIS. Here, we will review data indicating that plasticity-induced changes in DSs and the associated post-synaptic density play a pivotal role in the recovery process from AIS, making special emphasis on the role of tPA and uPA in this process.