Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease

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• 作者：Andrew Smyth ; Martin O’Donnell ; Andrew Mente ; Salim Yusuf
• 关键词：Sodium ; Salt intake ; Cardiovascular disease ; Hypertension ; Guidelines
• 刊名：Current Hypertension Reports
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：17
• 期：6
• 全文大小：403 KB
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• 作者单位：Andrew Smyth (1) (2)
  Martin O’Donnell (1) (2)
  Andrew Mente (1)
  Salim Yusuf (1)
  
  1. Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  2. HRB Clinical Research Facility Galway, NUI, Galway, Ireland
  
• 刊物主题：Internal Medicine; Cardiology; Metabolic Diseases; Nephrology; Primary Care Medicine; General Practice / Family Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1534-3111

文摘

Although an essential nutrient, higher sodium intake is associated with increasing blood pressure (BP), forming the basis for current population-wide sodium restriction guidelines. While short-term clinical trials have achieved low intake (<2.0?g/day), this has not been reproduced in long-term trials (>6?months). Guidelines assume that low sodium intake will reduce BP and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared to moderate intake. However, current observational evidence suggests a J-shaped association between sodium intake and CVD; the lowest risks observed with 3-?g/day but higher risk with <3?g/day. Importantly, these observational data also confirm the association between higher intake (>5?g/day) and increased risk of CVD. Although lower intake may reduce BP, this may be offset by marked increases in neurohormones and other adverse effects which may paradoxically be adverse. Large randomised clinical trials with sufficient follow-up are required to provide robust data on the long-term effects of sodium reduction on CVD incidence. Until such trials are completed, current evidence suggests that moderate sodium intake for the general population (3-?g/day) is likely the optimum range for CVD prevention.