Nitrogen Uptake Dynamics in a Tropical Eutrophic Estuary (Cochin, India) and Adjacent Coastal Waters

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：P. S. Bhavya ; S. Kumar ; G. V. M. Gupta ; V. Sudheesh ; K. V. Sudharma…
• 关键词：Estuary ; Coast ; Arabian Sea ; Eutrophic ; Nitrogen
• 刊名：Estuaries and Coasts
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：39
• 期：1
• 页码：54-67
• 全文大小：1,077 KB
• 参考文献：Anju, A.K., S. Dipu, and V. Sobha. 2011. Seasonal variation of heavy metals in Cochin Estuary and adjoining Periyar and Muvattupuzha rivers, Kerala, India. Global Journal of Environmental Research 5(1): 15–20.
  Balachandran, K.K. 2001. Chemical oceanographic studies of the coastal waters of Cochin. Ph.D Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology 1–264 pp (unpublished).
  Balachandran, K.K., C.M. Laluraj, G.D. Martin, K. Srinivas, and P. Venugopal. 2006. Environmental analysis of heavy metal deposition in a flow-restricted tropical estuary and its adjacent shelf. Environmental Forensics 7: 345–351.CrossRef
  Balachandran, K.K., G.S. Reddy, C. Revichandran, K. Srinivas, P.R. Vijayan, and T.J. Thottam. 2008. Modelling of tidal hydrodynamics for a tropical ecosystem with implications for pollutants dispersion (Cochin estuary, southwest India). Ocean Dynamics. doi:10.​1007/​s10236-008-0153-6 .
  Bange, H.W., T. Rixen, A.M. Johansen, R.L. Siefert, R. Ramesh, V. Ittekkot, M.R. Hoffmann, and M.O. Andreae. 2000. A revised nitrogen budget for Arabian Sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(4): 1283–1297.CrossRef
  Boesch, D.F., E. Burreson, W. Dennison, E. Houde, M. Kemp, V. Kennedy, R. Newell, K. Paynter, R. Orth, and W. Ulanowicz. 2001. Factors in the decline of coastal ecosystems. Science 293: 629–638.CrossRef
  Bouillon, S., M.F. Frankignoulle, B. Dehairs, A. Velimirov, G. Eiler, H. Abril, Etcheber, and A.V. Borges. 2003. Inorganic and organic carbon biogeochemistry in the Gautami Godavari estuary (Andhra Pradesh, India) during pre-monsoon: the local impact of extensive mangrove forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(4): 1114. doi:10.​1029/​2002GB002026 .CrossRef
  Bricker, S. B., C. G. Clement, D. E. Pirhalla, S. P. Orlando, D. R. G. Farrow. 1999. National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment: effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation’s estuaries. NOAA, National Ocean Service, Special Projects office and the National Centres for Coastal Ocean Science. Silver Spring, MD.
  Bronk, D.A., P.M. Glibert, and B.B. Ward. 1994. Nitrogen uptake, dissolved organic nitrogen release and new production. Science 265: 1843–1846.CrossRef
  Capone, D.G., J. Zehr, H. Paerl, B. Bergrnan, and E.J. Carpenter. 1997. Trichodesmium: a globally significant marine cyanobacterium. Science 276: 1221–1229.CrossRef
  Capone, D.G., M.D. Ferrier, and E.J. Carpenter. 1994. Amino acid cycling in colonies of the planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 60: 3989–3995.
  Cloern, J.E. 1987. Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries. Continental Shelf Research 7: 1367–1381.CrossRef
  Cloern, J.E., and A.D. Jassby. 2012. Drivers of change in estuarine-coastal ecosystems: discoveries from four decades of study in San Francisco Bay. Reviews of Geophysics 50: RG4001. doi:10.​1029/​2012RG000397 .CrossRef
  Conway, H.L. 1977. Interactions of inorganic nitrogen in the uptake and assimilation by marine phytoplankton. Marine Biology 39: 221–232.CrossRef
  Dabundo, R., M.F. Lehmann, L. Treibergs, C.R. Tobias, M.A. Altabet, et al. 2014. The contamination of commercial 15N2 gas stocks with 15N-labeled nitrate and ammonium and consequences for nitrogen fixation measurements. PLoS ONE 9(10): e110335.CrossRef
  Dortch, Q. 1990. The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series 61: 183–201.CrossRef
  Dugdale, R.C., and F.P. Wilkerson. 1986. The use of 15N to measure nitrogen uptake in eutrophic oceans; experimental considerations. Limnology and Oceanography 31: 673–689.CrossRef
  Dugdale, R.C., and J.J. Goering. 1967. Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnology and Oceanography 12: 196–206.CrossRef
  Fasham, M.J.R. (ed.). 2003. Ocean biogeochemistry: the role of the ocean carbon cycle in global change, 53–97. Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
  Fisher, T.R., A.B.. Gustafson, K. Sellner, R. Lacuture, L.W. Haas, R. Magnien, R. Karr, and B. Michael. 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in resource limitation in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Biology 133: 763–778.
  Galloway, J.N., et al. 2004. Nitrogen cycles; past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70: 153–226.CrossRef
  Gandhi, N., A. Singh, S. Prakash, R. Ramesh, M. Raman, M. S. Sheshshayee, and S. Shetye. 2011. First direct measurements of N2 fixation during a Trichodesmium bloom in the eastern Arabian Sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25(4).
  Gandhi, N., S. Prakash, R. Ramesh, and S. Kumar. 2010. Nitrogen uptake rates and new production in the northern Indian Ocean. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 39(2): 1–7.
  Gardner, W.S., P.J. Lavrentyev, J.F. Cavaletto, M.J. McCarthy, B.J. Eadie, T.H. Johengen, and J.B. Cotner. 2004. Distribution and dynamics of nitrogen and microbial plankton in southern Lake Michigan during spring transition 1999–2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: C03007.
  Gattuso, J.P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast. 1998. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 29: 405–434.CrossRef
  Glibert, P.M., D.C. Biggs, and J.J. McCarthy. 1982. Utilization of ammonium and nitrate during austral summer in the Scotia Sea. Deep-Sea Research 29: 837–850.CrossRef
  Gopalan, U.K., D.T. Vengayil, V.P. Udaya Varma, and M. Krishnankutty. 1983. The shrinking backwaters of Kerala. Journal of Marine Biological Assessment of India 25: 131–141.
  Grasshoff, K., M., Ehrhardt, and K. Kremling, Eds. 1999. Methods of sea water analysis. 3rd edn. Wainheins: VCH Publishers.
  Großkopf, T., W. Mohr, T. Baustian, H. Schunck, D. Gill, et al. 2012. Doubling of marine dinitrogen-fixation rates based on direct measurements. Nature 488(7411): 361–364.CrossRef
  Gupta, G.V.M., V.V.S.S. Sarma, R.S. Robin, A.V. Raman, M. Jai Kumar, M. Rakesh, and B.R. Subramanian. 2008. Influence of net ecosystem metabolism in transferring riverine organic carbon to atmospheric CO2 in a tropical coastal lagoon (Chilka Lake, India). Biogeochemistry 87: 265–285.CrossRef
  Gupta, G.V.M., D.T. Shoji, K.K. Balachandran, N.V. Madhu, P. Madeswaran, and S. Nair. 2009. CO2 super saturation and net heterotrophy in a tropical estuary (Cochin, India): influence of anthropogenic effect. Ecosystems 12: 1145e1157.CrossRef
  Harrison, W.G., L. Harris, and B. Irwin. 1996. The kinetics of nitrogen utilization in the oceanic mixed layer: nitrate and ammonium interactions at nanomolar concentrations. Limnology and Oceanography 41: 16–32.CrossRef
  Hecky, R.E., and P. Kilham. 1988. Nutrient limitations of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments; a review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment. Limnology and Oceanography 33(796): 822.
  Hoch, M.P., and D.L. Kirchman. 1995. Ammonium uptake by heterotrophic bacteria in the Delaware estuary and adjacent coastal waters. Limnology and Oceanography 40: 886–897.CrossRef
  Humborg, C., V. Ittekot, A. Cociasu, and B.V. Bodungen. 1997. Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. Nature 386: 385–388.CrossRef
  Jabir, T., V. Dhanya, Y. Jesmi, M.P. Prabhakaran, N. Saravanane, G.V.M. Gupta, and A.A.M. Hatha. 2013. Occurrence and distribution of a diatom-diazotrophic cyanobacteria association during a Trichodesmium bloom in the south eastern Arabian Sea. International Journal of Oceanography. doi:10.​1155/​2013/​350594 .
  Jyothibabu, R., N.V. Madhu, K.V. Jayalakshmi, K.K. Balachandran, C.A. Shiyas, G.D. Martin, and K.K.C. Nair. 2006. Impact of freshwater influx on microzooplankton mediated food web in a tropical estuary (Cochin backwaters India). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 69: 505–518.CrossRef
  Kanda, J., D.A. Ziemann, L.D. Conquest, and P.K. Bienfang. 1989. Light-dependency of nitrate uptake by phytoplankton over the spring bloom in Auke Bay, Alaska. Marine Biology 103: 563–569.CrossRef
  Kanda, J., I. Takayuki, I. Daisuke, and W. Yasunori. 2003. Environmental control of nitrate uptake in the East China Sea. Deep-Sea Research, II 50: 403–422.CrossRef
  Karl, D.M., R. Letelier, D. Hebel, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian, and C. Winn. 1995. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991–92 El Niño. Nature 373: 230–234.CrossRef
  Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB). 1982. Environmental status report on greater Cochin. Kerala (with special reference to water pollution). KSPCB, Trivandrum, Kerala 32 pp.
  Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB). 1986. Water quality studies—Kuttanad water balance study project—inception report. Trivandrum: KSPCB. 56 pp.
  Kirchman, D.L. 1994. The uptake of inorganic nutrients by heterotrophic bacteria. Microbial Ecology 28: 255–271.CrossRef
  Kumar, S., R. Ramesh, R.M. Dwivedi, M. Raman, M.S. Sheshshayee, and D. D’Souza. 2010. N uptake in the north eastern Arabian sea during winter cooling. International Journal of Oceanography. doi:10.​1155/​2010/​819029 .
  Landry, et al. 1997. Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: an EqPac synthesis. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 405–418.CrossRef
  Laws, E.A., W.G. Harrison, and G. DiTullio. 1985. A comparison of nitrogen assimilation rates based on 15N uptake and autotrophic protein synthesis. Deep-Sea Research, II 32: 85–95.CrossRef
  Madhupratap, M. 1987. Status and strategy of zooplankton of tropical Indian estuaries: a review. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 34: 65–81.
  Martin, G.D., V.J. Vijay, C.M. Laluraj, N.V. Madhu, T. Joseph, M. Nair, G.V.M. Gupta, and K.K. Balachandran. 2008. Fresh water influence on nutrient stoichiometry in a tropical estuary, south west coast of India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6: 57–64.CrossRef
  Martin, G.D., R. Jyothibabu, and K.K. Balachandran. 2010. Monsoon-induced changes in the size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and production rate in the estuarine and coastal waters of southwest coast of India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 166: 521–528.CrossRef
  Martin, G.D., R. Jyothibabu, N.V. Madhu, K.K. Balachandran, Nair Maheswari, K.R. Muraleedharan, P.K. Arun, C.K. Haridevi, and C. Revichandran. 2013. Impact of eutrophication on the occurrence of Trichodesmium in the Cochin backwaters, the largest estuary along the west coast of India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment vol. 185: 1237–1253.CrossRef
  McCarthy, J.J., R.W. Taylor, and J.L. Taft. 1977. Nous nutrition of plankton of the Chesapeake Bay—nutrient availability and phytoplankton preference. Limnology and Oceanography 223: 996–1911.CrossRef
  McCarthy, J. J. and E. J. Carpenter. 1983. Nitrogen cycling in near surface waters of the open ocean. In Nitrogen in the marine environment. Chapter 14. Edited by E.J. Carpenter and D.G. Capone, Academic Press, New York pp. 487–512.
  McLusky, D.S. 1971. Ecology of estuaries. London: Heinemann Educational.
  Menon, N.N., A.N. Balchand, and N.R. Menon. 2000. Hydrobiology of the Cochin backwater system—a review. Hydrobiologia 430: 149–183.CrossRef
  Middelburg, J.J., and J. Nieuwenhuize. 2000a. Uptake of dissolved inorganic N in turbid, tidal estuaries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 192: 79–88.CrossRef
  Middelburg, J.J., and J. Nieuwenhuize. 2000b. N uptake by heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in the nitrate rich Thames estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series 203: 13–21.CrossRef
  Mills, M.M., C. Ridame, M. Davey, J. La Roche, and R.J. Geider. 2004. Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Nature 429: 292–294.CrossRef
  Miranda, J., K.K. Balachandran, R. Ramesh, and M. Wafar. 2008. Nitrification in Kochi backwaters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78: 291–300.CrossRef
  Mohr, W., T. Großkopf, D.W.R. Wallace, and J. LaRoche. 2010. Methodological underestimation of oceanic nitrogen fixation rates. PLoS One 5(9): e12583.CrossRef
  Montoya, J.P., M. Voss, P. Kahler, and D.G. Capone. 1996. A simple, high‐precision, high‐sensitivity tracer assay for N2 fixation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 986–993.
  Mulholland, M.R., and D.G. Capone. 2001. The stoichiometry of N and C utilization in cultured populations of Trichodesmium IMS101. Limnolology and Oceanography 46: 436–443.CrossRef
  Mulholland, M.R., C. Lee, and P.M. Glibert. 2003. Extracellular enzyme activity and uptake of carbon and N along an estuarine salinity and nutrient gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 258: 3–17.CrossRef
  Mulholland, M.R., D.A. Bronk, and D.G. Capone. 2004. Dinitrogen fixation and release of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen by Trichodesmium IMS 101. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 37: 85–94.CrossRef
  Mulholland, M.R., P. Bernhardt, C.A. Heil, D.A. Bronk, and J.M. O’Neil. 2006. Nitrogen fixation and release of fixed nitrogen in the Gulf of Mexico. Limnology and Oceanography 51: 1762–1776.CrossRef
  Mulholland, M. R. and D. G. Capone. 2009. Dinitrogen fixation in the Indian Ocean. Indian Ocean biogeochemical processes and ecological variability (Wiggert JD, Hood RR, Naqvi SWA, Brink KH & Smith SL, eds). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. pp. 167–186.
  Neill, L.P.O., C.R. Nelson, R.M. Styles, E. Tappa, and C.R. Thunell. 2005. Diagenetic effects on particulate phosphorus samples collected using formalin-poisoned sediment traps. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 308: 3–317.
  Paerl, H. 1993. Emerging role of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in coastal eutrophication: biogeochemical and trophic perspectives. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50: 2254–2269.CrossRef
  Paerl, H. 1995. Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: current perspectives. Ophelia 41: 237–259.CrossRef
  Paerl, H.W., and M. F. Piehler. 2008. Nitrogen and marine eutrophication. In Nitrogen in the marine environment, ed. D.G. Capone, M. Mulholland, and E. Carpenter, Orlando: Academic. vol. 2: 529–567.
  Paerl, H.W., S.H. Nathan, B.L. Peierls, and K.L. Rossignol. 2014. Evolving paradigms and challenges in estuarine and coastal eutrophication dynamics in a culturally and climatically stressed world. Estuaries and Coasts 37: 243–258.CrossRef
  Qasim, S. Z., S. W. Shaus, P. M. A. Bhattathiri, S. A. H. Abidi. 1969. Organic production in a tropical estuary. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science LXIX: 5194.
  Rabalais, N.N., R.E. Turner, R.J. Díaz, and D. Justic. 2009. Global change and eutrophication of coastal waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1528–1537.CrossRef
  Ramamirtham, C.P., and S. Muthusamy. 1986. Estuarine oceanography of the Vembanad Lake. Part II: the region between Cochin and Azhikode. Indian Journal of Fisheries 33: 218–224.
  Rees, A. P., N. J. P. Owens, and E. M. S. Woodward. 1995. Phytoplankton nitrogen assimilation at low nutrient concentrations in the NW-Mediterranean Sea (July 1993). In: Martin JM, Barth H (eds) Water Pollution Reports. No. 32. European Commission, Brussels p 141–148.
  Rudek, J., H.W. Paerl, M.A. Mallin, and P.W. Bates. 1991. Seasonal and hydrological control of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the lower Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 75: 133–142.CrossRef
  Ryther, J., and W. Dunstan. 1971. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science 171: 1008–1013.CrossRef
  Sambrotto, R.N. 2001. Nitrogen production in the northern Arabian Sea during the spring intermonsoon and southwest monsoon seasons. Deep-Sea Research, II 48: 1173–1198.CrossRef
  Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S.A., et al. 2001. Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean. Nature 411: 66–69.CrossRef
  Sarma, V.V.S.S., M.D. Kumar, and M. Manerikar. 2001. Emission of carbon dioxide from a tropical estuarine system, Goa, India. Geophysical Research Letter 28: 1239–1242. doi:10.​1029/​2000GL006114 .CrossRef
  Schindler, D.W. 1975. Whole-lake eutrophication experiments with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19: 3221–3231.
  Schindler, D.W. 1977. The evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science 195: 260–262.CrossRef
  Shoji, D.T., K.K. Balachandran, G.V.M. Gupta, N.V. Madhu, and N. Shanta. 2008. Influence of allochthonous input on autotrophic-heterotrophic switch-over in shallow waters of a tropical estuary (Cochin Estuary), India. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78: 551e562.
  Smith, V.H., and D.W. Schindler. 2009. Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24(4): 201–207.CrossRef
  Srinivas, B., and M.M. Sarin. 2013. Atmospheric deposition of N, P and Fe to the Northern Indian Ocean: implications to C- and N-fixation. Science of the Total Environment 456–457: 104–114.CrossRef
  Srinivas, K., C. Revichandran, P.A. Maheswaran, T.T. Mohammed Ashraf, and M. Nuncio. 2003. Propagation of tides in the Cochin estuarine system, southwest coast of India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 32: 14e24.
  Subramanian, and E.J. Carpenter. 1994. An empirically derived protocol for the detection of blooms of the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium using CZCS imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 15: 1559–1569.CrossRef
  Thomson, K. T. 2002. Economic and social issues of biodiversity loss in Cochin backwaters. Technical Report, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India. pp 51–82.
  Watts, L.J., and N.J.P. Owens. 1999. Nitrogen assimilation and f-ratio in the northwestern Indian Ocean during an intermonsoon period. Deep-Sea Research, II 46: 725–743.CrossRef
  Weiss, R.F. 1970. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 17(4): 721–735.CrossRef
  Yin, C., and B. Shan. 2001. Multipond systems: a sustainable way to control diffuse phosphorus pollution. Ambio 30: 369–375.CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：P. S. Bhavya (1)
  S. Kumar (1)
  G. V. M. Gupta (2)
  V. Sudheesh (2)
  K. V. Sudharma (2)
  D. S. Varrier (2)
  K. R. Dhanya (2)
  N. Saravanane (2)
  
  1. Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India
  2. Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kendriya Bhavan, Cochin, Kakkanad, 682 037, India
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Ecology
  Geosciences
  Environmental Management
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1559-2731

文摘

Quantification of nitrogen (N) transformation rates in tropical estuarine-coastal water coupled systems undergoing anthropogenic disturbances is scant. A thorough understanding of these metabolic rates is required to evolve a mitigation strategy to save such systems from further degradation. Here, we report the first measurements of ammonium (NH₄ +) and nitrate (NO₃ −) uptake along with N₂ fixation rates in the Cochin estuary, a tropical eutrophic ecosystem along the west coast of India, and two transects (off Cochin and off Mangalore) in the coastal Arabian Sea. In general, the Cochin estuary sustained higher uptake rates of NH₄ + (0.32–0.91 μmol N l−1 h−1) and NO₃ − (0.01–0.38 μmol N l−1 h−1) compared to coastal waters. The N uptake in the nearshore waters of Cochin transect (NH₄ + : 0.34 μmol N l−1 h−1 and NO₃ − : 0.18 μmol N l−1 h−1) was influenced more by estuarine discharge than was the Mangalore transect (NH₄ + : 0.02 μmol N l−1 h−1 and NO₃ − : 0.03 μmol N l−1 h−1). Despite high dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations, the Cochin estuary also showed higher N₂ fixation rates (0.59–1.31 nmol N l−1 h−1) than the coastal waters (0.33–0.55 nmol N l−1 h−1). NH₄ + was the preferred substrate for phytoplankton growth, both in the Cochin estuary and coastal waters, indicating the significance of regenerative processes in primary production. A significant negative correlation between total nitrogen (TN): total phosphorus (TP), and NH₄ + uptake (as well as N₂ fixation) rates in the estuary suggests that nutrient stoichiometry plays a major role in modulating N transformation rates in the Cochin estuary.