Coral-excavating sponge Cliona delitrix: current trends of space occupation on high latitude coral reefs

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• 作者：Ariel A. Halperin ; Andia Chaves-Fonnegra ; David S. Gilliam
• 关键词：Growth ; Substratum preferences ; Competition ; Invertebrate ; Florida ; Coral ; Sponge
• 刊名：Hydrobiologia
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：April 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：790
• 期：1
• 页码：299-310
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Ecology; Zoology;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1573-5117
• 卷排序：790

文摘

The recent increase in abundance of coral-excavating sponges is a threat to the health of coral reefs. However, the distribution and growth of these sponges are poorly documented on high latitude reefs where corals live in marginal environmental conditions. In this study, we characterize the current trends of space occupation of Cliona delitrix on high latitude reefs (26°N) in southeast Florida. C. delitrix densities were significantly higher on the deepest habitat of this reef tract (the outer reef) in response to a higher availability of coral substratum. Sponge growth rates increased with depth, and in relation to presence of tunicates and absence of macroalgae living in the sponge–coral interaction band. Conversely, coral tissue loss was similar between habitats, regardless of the fouling organisms present in the band between sponge and coral. On high latitude reefs, C. delitrix preferred massive scleractinian coral species as substratum, similar to tropical reefs, but its inclination for specific coral species varied. The outer reef sites (deepest habitat) are most vulnerable to C. delitrix colonization. Reef habitats with higher coral densities and more available dead coral may continue to suffer the greatest levels of sponge bioerosion.