The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description

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• 作者：S. Maurice (1) sylvestre.maurice@irap.omp.eu
  R. C. Wiens (2)
  M. Saccoccio (3)
  B. Barraclough (2)
  O. Gasnault (1)
  O. Forni (1)
  N. Mangold (4)
  D. Baratoux (1)
  S. Bender (2)
  G. Berger (1)
  J. Bernardin (2)
  M. Berthé (5)
  N. Bridges (6)
  D. Blaney (7)
  M. Bouyé (8)
  P. Ca?s (9)
  B. Clark (10)
  S. Clegg (2)
  A. Cousin (1)
  D. Cremers (11)
  A. Cros (1)
  L. DeFlores (7)
  C. Derycke (12)
  B. Dingler (2)
  G. Dromart (13)
  B. Dubois (8)
  M. Dupieux (1)
  E. Durand (12)
  L. d’Uston (1)
  C. Fabre (14)
  B. Faure (3)
  A. Gaboriaud (3)
  T. Gharsa (1)
  K. Herkenhoff (15)
  E. Kan (7)
  L. Kirkland (16)
  D. Kouach (8)
  J.-L. Lacour (17)
  Y. Langevin (5)
  J. Lasue (12)
  S. Le Mouélic (4)
  M. Lescure (24)
  E. Lewin (18)
  D. Limonadi (7)
  G. Manhès (19)
  P. Mauchien (17)
  C. McKay (20)
  P.-Y. Meslin (1)
  Y. Michel (3)
  E. Miller (7)
  H. E. Newsom (21)
  G. Orttner (1)
  A. Paillet (3)
  L. Parès (1)
  Y. Parot (1)
  R. Pérez (3)
  P. Pinet (1)
  F. Poitrasson (22)
  B. Quertier (9)
  B. Sallé (117)
  C. Sotin (47)
  V. Sautter (23)
  H. Séran (1)
  J. J. Simmonds (7)
  J.-B. Sirven (17)
  R. Stiglich (2)
  N. Striebig (8)
  J.-J. Thocaven (1)
  M. J. Toplis (1)
  D. Vaniman (225)
• 关键词：Mars – Spectroscopy – LIBS – Instruments – Planetary surfaces – Chemical composition
• 刊名：Space Science Reviews
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：September 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：170
• 期：1-4
• 页码：95-166
• 全文大小：6.9 MB
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• 作者单位：1. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Univ. Paul Sabatier-CNRS-Obs. Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA3. Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France4. Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université Nantes-CNRS, Nantes, France5. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud & CNRS, Orsay, France6. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA7. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA8. Groupe d’Instrumentation Scientifique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France9. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Floirac, France10. Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA11. Applied Research Associates, Albuquerque, NM, USA12. Thalès Optronique Sa, Elancourt, France13. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon-ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France14. Géologie et Gestion des Ressources Minérales et énergétiques, Univ. Lorraine-CNRS, Vand?uvre, France15. U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA16. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA17. Department of Physical Chemistry, CEA, DEN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France18. Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Grenoble 1-CNRS, Grenoble, France19. Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris, France20. NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA21. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA22. Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France23. Lab. de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie, CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France24. Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systèmes, CNRS, Toulouse, France25. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
• ISSN：1572-9672

文摘

ChemCam is a remote sensing instrument suite on board the “Curiosity” rover (NASA) that uses Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide the elemental composition of soils and rocks at the surface of Mars from a distance of 1.3 to 7 m, and a telescopic imager to return high resolution context and micro-images at distances greater than 1.16 m. We describe five analytical capabilities: rock classification, quantitative composition, depth profiling, context imaging, and passive spectroscopy. They serve as a toolbox to address most of the science questions at Gale crater. ChemCam consists of a Mast-Unit (laser, telescope, camera, and electronics) and a Body-Unit (spectrometers, digital processing unit, and optical demultiplexer), which are connected by an optical fiber and an electrical interface. We then report on the development, integration, and testing of the Mast-Unit, and summarize some key characteristics of ChemCam. This confirmed that nominal or better than nominal performances were achieved for critical parameters, in particular power density (>1 GW/cm2). The analysis spot diameter varies from 350 μm at 2 m to 550 μm at 7 m distance. For remote imaging, the camera field of view is 20 mrad for 1024×1024 pixels. Field tests demonstrated that the resolution (～90 μrad) made it possible to identify laser shots on a wide variety of images. This is sufficient for visualizing laser shot pits and textures of rocks and soils. An auto-exposure capability optimizes the dynamical range of the images. Dedicated hardware and software focus the telescope, with precision that is appropriate for the LIBS and imaging depths-of-field. The light emitted by the plasma is collected and sent to the Body-Unit via a 6 m optical fiber. The companion to this paper (Wiens et al. this issue) reports on the development of the Body-Unit, on the analysis of the emitted light, and on the good match between instrument performance and science specifications.