Human resource management in post-conflict health systems: review of research and knowledge gaps

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Edward Roome (1)
  Joanna Raven (1)
  Tim Martineau (1)
  
  1. Department of International Public Health ; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ; Pembroke Place ; Liverpool ; L3 5QA ; UK
  
• 关键词：Human resource management ; Health workforce ; Post ; conflict ; Fragile ; Health systems ; Reconstruction
• 刊名：Conflict and Health
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：8
• 期：1
• 全文大小：354 KB
• 参考文献：Conflict Barometer 2013. University of Heidelberg, Germany
  1. Kruk, ME, Freedman, LP, Anglin, GA, Waldman, RJ (2010) Rebuilding health systems to improve health and promote statebuilding in post-conflict countries: a theoretical framework and research agenda. Soc Sci Med 70: pp. 89-97 CrossRef
  2. Kevany, S, Hatfield, A, Workneh, NG, Durrani, BA, Bekele, Y, Khan, U, White, K, Myrick, R (2012) Diplomatic and operational adaptations to global health programmes in post-conflict settings: contributions of monitoring and evaluation systems to health sector development and 鈥榥ation-building鈥?in South Sudan. Med Confl Surviv 28: pp. 247-262 CrossRef
  3. Ranson, K, Poletti, T, Bornemisza, O, Sondorp, E (2007) Promoting Health Equity in Conflict-Affected Fragile States. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
  4. / Fact Sheet: Progress on the Millennium Development Goals. [http://go.worldbank.org/4TZL5TGCW0]
  Guide to Health Workforce Development in Post-Conflict Environments. World Health Organization, Geneva
  5. Newbrander, W, Waldman, R, Shepherd-Banigan, M (2011) Rebuilding and strengthening health systems and providing basic health services in fragile states. Disasters 35: pp. 639-660 CrossRef
  6. Ahonsi, B (2010) Towards More Informed Responses to Gender Violence and HIV/AIDS in Post-Conflict West African Settings. The Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
  7. Collier, P, Hoeffler, A (2004) Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Econ Pap 56: pp. 563-595 CrossRef
  8. Haar, RJ, Rubenstein, LS (2012) Health in Postconflict and Fragile States. United States Institute of Peace, Washington, DC
  9. Fujita, N, Zwi, AB, Nagai, M, Akashi, H (2011) A comprehensive framework for human resources for health system development in fragile and post-conflict states. PLoS Med 8: pp. e1001146 CrossRef
  10. Martinez, J, Martineau, T (1998) Rethinking human resources: an agenda for the millennium. Health Policy Plan 13: pp. 345-358 CrossRef
  11. Dal Poz, MR, Quain, EE, O鈥橬eill, M, McCaffery, J, Elzinga, G, Martineau, T (2006) Addressing the health workforce crisis: towards a common approach. Hum Resour Health 4: pp. 21 CrossRef
  12. Reichenbach, L (2007) Exploring the Gender Dimensions of the Global Health Workforce. Harvard University: Global Equity Initiative, Cambridge
  13. Pavignani, E (2003) Mozambique 1990鈥?002: Restructuring the Health Workforce After the War. Health in Emergencies. WHO, Geneva
  14. Pavignani, E, Colombo, S (2009) Analyzing Human Resources for Health. In Modular Manual Analyzing Disrupted Health Sectors. WHO, Geneva
  15. Pavignani, E (2003) The Impact of Complex Emergencies on the Health Workforce. Health in Emergencies. WHO, Geneva
  16. Laleman, G, Kegels, G, Marchal, B, Van der Roost, D, Bogaert, I, Van Damme, W (2007) The contribution of international health volunteers to the health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa. Hum Resour Health 5: pp. 19 CrossRef
  World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health. World Health Organization, Geneva
  Reconstructing Public Administration after Conflict: Challenges, Practices and Lessons Learned. United Nations, New York
  17. Hamdan, M, Defever, M (2003) Human resources for health in Palestine: a policy analysis: part I: current situation and recent developments. Health Policy 64: pp. 243-259 CrossRef
  18. Smith, J, Kolehmainen-Aitken, R (2006) Establishing Human Resource Systems for Health During Postconflict Reconstruction. Management Sciences for Health.
  19. Van Lerberghe, W, Porignon, D (2003) Of Coping, Poaching and the Harm They Can Do. Health in Emergencies. WHO, Geneva
  20. Pavignani, E (2011) Human resources for health through conflict and recovery: lessons from African countries. Disasters 35: pp. 661-679 CrossRef
  21. Leather, A, Ismail, EA, Ali, R, Abdi, YA, Abby, MH, Gulaid, SA, Walhad, SA, Guleid, S, Ervine, IM, Lowe-Lauri, M, Parker, M, Adams, S, Datema, M, Parry, E (2006) Working together to rebuild health care in post-conflict Somaliland. Lancet 368: pp. 1119-1125 CrossRef
  22. Varpilah, ST, Safer, M, Frenkel, E, Baba, D, Massaquoi, M, Barrow, G (2011) Rebuilding human resources for health: a case study from Liberia. Hum Resour Health 9: pp. 11 CrossRef
  23. Hoke, G (2010) Ghost-busting in Sierra Leone. Infonomics 24: pp. 32-36
  24. Beesley, M, Cometto, G, Pavignani, E (2011) From drought to deluge: how information overload saturated absorption capacity in a disrupted health sector. Health Policy Plan 26: pp. 445-452 CrossRef
  25. Wood, ME, Mansoor, GF, Hashemy, P, Namey, E, Gohar, F, Ayoubi, SF, Todd, CS (2013) Factors influencing the retention of midwives in the public sector in Afghanistan: a qualitative assessment of midwives in eight provinces. Midwifery 29: pp. 1137-1144 CrossRef
  26. MacKinnon, J, MacLaren, B (2012) Human Resources for Health Challenges in Fragile States: Evidence from Sierra Leone, South Sudan and Zimbabwe. Ottawa, ON, The North鈥搒outh Institute
  27. Beesley, M, Scuccato, R (2003) First Steps Towards Healing a Workforce: In-Service Training in Angola. Health in Emergencies. WHO, Geneva
  28. Schaaf M, Freedman LP: Unmasking the open secret of posting and transfer practices in the health sector. / Health Policy Plan Advance Access published December 9, 2013, doi:10.1093/heapol/czt091
  29. El-Jardali, F, Alameddine, M, Dumit, N, Dimassi, H, Jamal, D, Maalouf, S (2011) Nurses鈥?work environment and intent to leave in Lebanese hospitals: implications for policy and practice. Int J Nurs Stud 48: pp. 204-214 CrossRef
  30. Huicho, L, Miranda, JJ, Diez-Canseco, F, Lema, C, Lescano, AG, Lagarde, M, Blaauw, D (2012) Job preferences of nurses and midwives for taking up a rural job in Peru: a discrete choice experiment. PLoS One 7: pp. e50315 CrossRef
  31. Dambisya, YM, Matinhure, S (2012) Policy and programmatic implications of task shifting in Uganda: a case study. BMC Health Serv Res 12: pp. 61 CrossRef
  32. Maes, K, Kalofonos, I (2013) Becoming and remaining community health workers: perspectives from Ethiopia and Mozambique. Soc Sci Med 87: pp. 52-59 CrossRef
  33. Mansoor, GF, Hashemy, P, Gohar, F, Wood, ME, Ayoubi, SF, Todd, CS (2013) Midwifery retention and coverage and impact on service utilisation in Afghanistan. Midwifery 29: pp. 1088-1094 CrossRef
  34. Smith, J, Ho, L, Langston, A, Mankani, N, Shivshanker, A, Perera, D (2013) Clinical care for sexual assault survivors multimedia training: a mixed-methods study of effect on healthcare providers鈥?attitudes, knowledge, confidence, and practice in humanitarian settings. Confl Health 7: pp. 14 CrossRef
  35. Turkmani, S, Currie, S, Mungia, J, Assefi, N, Javed Rahmanzai, A, Azfar, P, Bartlett, L (2013) 鈥楳idwives are the backbone of our health system鈥? lessons from Afghanistan to guide expansion of midwifery in challenging settings. Midwifery 29: pp. 1166-1172 CrossRef
  36. Rowe, L, Brillant, S, Cleveland, E, Dahn, B, Ramanadhan, S, Podesta, M, Bradley, E (2010) Building capacity in health facility management: guiding principles for skills transfer in Liberia. Hum Resour Health 8: pp. 5 CrossRef
  37. Buwa, D, Vuori, H (2007) Rebuilding a health care system: war, reconstruction and health care reforms in Kosovo. Eur J Public Health 17: pp. 226-230 CrossRef
  38. Pavignani, E Mozambique 1990鈥?002: Restructuring the Health Workforce After the War. In: World Health, Organization eds. (2003) Health in Emergencies. WHO, Geneva
  39. Namakula J, Witter S: Living through conflict and post-conflict: experiences of health workers in northern Uganda and lessons for people-centred health systems. / Health Policy Plan in press
  40. Chee, G, Pielemeier, N, Lion, A, Connor, C (2013) Why differentiating between health system support and health system strengthening is needed. Int J Health Plann Manage 28: pp. 85-94 CrossRef
  41. El-Jardali, F, Alameddine, M, Jamal, D, Dimassi, H, Dumit, N, McEwen, M, Jaafar, M, Murray, S (2013) A national study on nurses鈥?retention in healthcare facilities in underserved areas in Lebanon. Hum Resour Health 11: pp. 49 CrossRef
  42. Glenton, C, Scheel, IB, Pradhan, S, Lewin, S, Hodgins, S, Shrestha, V (2010) The female community health volunteer programme in Nepal: decision makers鈥?perceptions of volunteerism, payment and other incentives. Soc Sci Med 70: pp. 1920-1927 CrossRef
  43. Smith, JM, Currie, S, Azfar, P, Javed Rahmanzai, A (2008) Establishment of an accreditation system for midwifery education in Afghanistan: maintaining quality during national expansion. Public Health 122: pp. 558-567 CrossRef
  44. Casey, S, Mitchell, K, Amisi, I, Haliza, M, Aveledi, B, Kalenga, P, Austin, J (2009) Use of facility assessment data to improve reproductive health service delivery in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Confl Health 3: pp. 12 CrossRef
  45. O鈥橦anlon, KP, Budosan, B (2011) Post-disaster recovery: a case study of human resource deployment in the health sector in post-conflict Kosovo. Prehosp Disaster Med 26: pp. 7-14 CrossRef
  46. Ameh, C, Adegoke, A, Hofman, J, Ismail, FM, Ahmed, FM, van den Broek, N (2012) The impact of emergency obstetric care training in Somaliland, Somalia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 117: pp. 283-287 CrossRef
  47. Dieleman, M, Hilhorst, T (2011) Governance and human resources for health. Hum Resour Health 9: pp. 29 CrossRef
  48. Dieleman, M, Shaw, D, Zwanikken, P (2011) Improving the implementation of health workforce policies through governance: a review of case studies. Hum Resour Health 9: pp. 10 CrossRef
  49. Bornemisza, O, Sondorp, E (2002) Health Policy Formulation in Complex Political Emergencies and Post-Conflict Countries: A Literature Review. Health Policy Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
  50. Cometto, G, Fritsche, G, Sondorp, E (2010) Health sector recovery in early post-conflict environments: experience from southern Sudan. Disasters 34: pp. 885-909 CrossRef
  51. Bertone, M, Samai, M, Edem-Hotah, J, Witter, S (2014) A window of opportunity for reform in post-conflict settings? The case of human resources for health policies in Sierra Leone, 2002鈥?012. Confl Health 8: pp. 11 CrossRef
  52. Witter, S (2010) Health financing in fragile and post-conflict states: what do we know and what are the gaps?. Soc Sci Med 75: pp. 2370-2377 CrossRef
  
• 刊物主题：Medicine/Public Health, general; Emergency Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：1752-1505

文摘

In post-conflict settings, severe disruption to health systems invariably leaves populations at high risk of disease and in greater need of health provision than more stable resource-poor countries. The health workforce is often a direct victim of conflict. Effective human resource management (HRM) strategies and policies are critical to addressing the systemic effects of conflict on the health workforce such as flight of human capital, mismatches between skills and service needs, breakdown of pre-service training, and lack of human resource data. This paper reviews published literatures across three functional areas of HRM in post-conflict settings: workforce supply, workforce distribution, and workforce performance. We searched published literatures for articles published in English between 2003 and 2013. The search used context-specific keywords (e.g. post-conflict, reconstruction) in combination with topic-related keywords based on an analytical framework containing the three functional areas of HRM (supply, distribution, and performance) and several corresponding HRM topic areas under these. In addition, the framework includes a number of cross-cutting topics such as leadership and governance, finance, and gender. The literature is growing but still limited. Many publications have focused on health workforce supply issues, including pre-service education and training, pay, and recruitment. Less is known about workforce distribution, especially governance and administrative systems for deployment and incentive policies to redress geographical workforce imbalances. Apart from in-service training, workforce performance is particularly under-researched in the areas of performance-based incentives, management and supervision, work organisation and job design, and performance appraisal. Research is largely on HRM in the early post-conflict period and has relied on secondary data. More primary research is needed across the areas of workforce supply, workforce distribution, and workforce performance. However, this should apply a longer-term focus throughout the different post-conflict phases, while paying attention to key cross-cutting themes such as leadership and governance, gender equity, and task shifting. The research gaps identified should enable future studies to examine how HRM could be used to meet both short and long term objectives for rebuilding health workforces and thereby contribute to achieving more equitable and sustainable health systems outcomes after conflict.