Investigating the Effects of Seepage-Pores and Fractures on Coal Permeability by Fractal Analysis

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Yidong Cai ; Dameng Liu ; Zhejun Pan ; Yao Che ; Zhihua Liu
• 关键词：Seepage ; pores ; Fractal ; Fractures ; Permeability ; Coal
• 刊名：Transport in Porous Media
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：111
• 期：2
• 页码：479-497
• 全文大小：1,833 KB
• 参考文献：Adeboye, O.O., Bustin, R.M.: Variation of gas flow properties in coal with probe gas, composition and fabric: examples from western Canadian sedimentary basin. Int. J. Coal Geol. 108, 47–52 (2013)CrossRef
  Archie, G.E.: Electrical resistivity as an aid in core analysis interpretation. Trans. AIME 146, 54–61 (1942)CrossRef
  Brunauer, S., Emmett, V.H., Teller, E.: Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309–319 (1938)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Yao, Y., Li, J., Liu, J.: Fractal characteristics of coal pores based on classic geometry and thermodynamics models. Acta Geol. Sin-Engl. 85(5), 1150–1162 (2011a)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Yao, Y., Li, J., Qiu, Y.: Geological controls on prediction of coalbed methane of no. 3 coal seam in Southern Qinshui Basin, North China. Int. J. Coal Geol. 88, 101–112 (2011b)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Pan, Z., Yao, Y., Li, J., Qiu, Y.: Pore structure and its impact on \({\rm CH}_{4}\) adsorption capacity and flow capability of bituminous and subbituminous coals from Northeast China. Fuel 103, 258–268 (2013)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Mathews, J.P., Pan, Z., Elsworth, D., Yao, Y., Li, J., Guo, X.: Permeability evolution in fractured coal–combining triaxial confinement with X-ray computed tomography, acoustic emission and ultrasonic techniques. Int. J. Coal Geol. 122, 91–104 (2014a)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Pan, Z., Yao, Y., Li, J., Qiu, Y.: Pore structure of selected Chinese coals with heating and pressurization treatments. Sci. China Earth Sci. 57(7), 1567–1582 (2014b)CrossRef
  Cai, Y., Liu, D., Pan, Z., Yao, Y., Li, C.: Mineral occurrence and its impact on fracture generation in selected Qinshui Basin coals: an experimental perspective. Int. J. Coal Geol. 150–151, 35–50 (2015)CrossRef
  Carman, P.C.: Fluid flow through granular beds. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 15, 4–20 (1937)
  Clarkson, C.R., Bustin, R.M.: Variation in micropore capacity and size distribution with composition in bituminous coal of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: implications for coalbed methane potential. Fuel 75, 1483–1498 (1996)CrossRef
  Close, J.C.: “Natural fractures in coal”, hydrocarbons from coal. AAPG Stud. Geol. 38, 119–132 (1993)
  Cui, X., Bustin, R.M., Dipple, G.: Differential transport of \({\rm CO}_{2}\) and \({\rm CH}_{4}\) in coalbed aquifers: Implications for coalbed gas distribution and composition. AAPG Bull. 88, 1149–1161 (2004)CrossRef
  Ehrburger-Dolle, F., Lavanchy, A., Stoeckli, F.: Determination of the surface fractal dimension of active carbons by mercury porosimetry. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 166, 451 (1994)CrossRef
  Flores, R.M.: Chapter 5–Coal Composition and Reservoir Characterization. Coal and Coalbed Gas. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2014)
  Friesen, W.I., Ogunsola, O.I.: Mercury porosimetry of upgraded western Canadian coals. Fuel 74(4), 604–609 (1995)CrossRef
  Gan, H., Nandi, S.P., Walker, P.L.: Nature of the porosity in American coals. Fuel 51, 272–277 (1972)CrossRef
  Harris, L.A., Yust, C.S.: Transmission electron microscope observations of porosity in coal. Fuel 55(3), 233 (1976)CrossRef
  Hodot, B.B.: Outburst of Coal and Coalbed Gas (Chinese Translation). China Industry Press, Beijing (1966)
  IUPAC: Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl. Chem. 54(11), 2201–2218 (1982)
  Jacquin, C.G., Adler, P.M.: Fractal porous media II: geometry of porous geological structures. Transp. Porous Media 2(6), 571–596 (1987)CrossRef
  Karacan, C.Ö., Okandan, E.: Adsorption and gas transport in coal microstructure: investigation and evaluation by quantitative X-ray CT imaging. Fuel 80, 509–520 (2001)CrossRef
  Kozeny, J.: Uber kapillare leitung des wassers in boden. Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss. Wien Mathematica Naturwiss. K1, Abt.2a 136, 271–306 (1927). (in German)
  Levine, J.R.: Coalification: the evolution of coal as source rock and reservoir rock for oil and gas. In: Law, B.E., Rice, D.D. (eds.) Hydrocarbons from Coal. AAPG Studies in Geology, vol. 38, pp. 1-12. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa (1993)
  Liu, D., Yao, Y., Tang, D., Tang, S., Che, Y., Huang, W.: Coal reservoir characteristics and coalbed methane resource assessment in Huainan and Huaibei coalfields, Southern North China. Int. J. Coal Geol. 79(3), 97–112 (2009)CrossRef
  Liu, D., Li, Z., Cai, Y.: Study progress on pore-crack heterogeneity and geological influence factors of coal reservoir. Coal Sci. Technol. 43(2), 10–15 (2015a). (in Chinese with an English abstract)
  Liu, S., Sang, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Q.: Growth characteristics and genetic types of pores and fractures in a high-rank coal reservoir of the southern Qinshui basin. Ore Geol. Rev. 64, 140–151 (2015b)CrossRef
  Mahamud, M., López, Ó., Pis, J.J., Pajares, J.A.: Textural characterization of coals using fractal analysis. Fuel Process. Technol. 81, 127–142 (2003)CrossRef
  Mandelbrot, B.B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature (updated and augmented edition). W.H. Freeman, San Francisco (1983)
  Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., Rupp, J.: Meso- and micropore characteristics of coal lithotypes: implications for \({\rm CO}_{2}\) adsorption. Energy Fuels 22, 4049–4061 (2008)CrossRef
  Mitropoulos, A., Stefanopoulos, K.L., Kanellopoulos, N.K.: Coal studies by small angle X-ray scattering. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 24(1–3), 29–39 (1998)CrossRef
  Moore, T.A.: Coalbed methane: a review. Int. J. Coal Geol. 101, 36–81 (2012)CrossRef
  Orem, W.H., Finkelman, R.B.: Coal formation and geochemistry. Treatise Geochem. 7, 191–222 (2003)CrossRef
  Othman, M.R., Helwani, Z.: Simulated fractal permeability for porous membranes. Appl. Math. Model 34(9), 2452–2464 (2010)CrossRef
  Pan, Z., Connell, L.D., Camilleri, M., Connelly, L.: Effects of matrix moisture on gas diffusion and flow in coal. Fuel 89, 3207–3217 (2010)CrossRef
  Pan, J., Zhao, Y., Hou, Q., Jin, Y.: Nanoscale pores in coal related to coal rank and deformation structures. Transp. Porous Media 107(2), 543–554 (2015)CrossRef
  Pape, H., Clauser, C., Iffland, J.: Variation of permeability with porosity in sandstone diagenesis interpreted with a fractal pore space model. Pure Appl. Geophys. 157, 603–619 (2000)CrossRef
  Pfeifer, P., Avnir, D.: Chemistry in non integer dimensions between 2 and 3, I: fractal theory of heterogenous surface. J. Chem. Phys. 79(7), 3558–3565 (1983)CrossRef
  Pillalamarry, M., Harpalani, S., Liu, S.: Gas diffusion behavior of coal and its impact on production from coalbed methane reservoirs. Int. J. Coal Geol. 86, 342–348 (2011)CrossRef
  Prinz, D., Littke, R.: Development of the micro- and ultramicroporous structure of coals with rank as deduced from the accessibility to water. Fuel 84(12–13), 1645–1652 (2005)
  Radlinski, A.P., Ioannidis, M.A., Hinde, A.L., Hainbuchner, M., Baron, M., Rauch, H., Kline, S.R.: Angstrom-to-millimeter characterization of sedimentary rock microstructure. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 274(2), 607–612 (2004)CrossRef
  Ramanathan, C., Bencsik, M.: Measuring spatially resolved gas transport and adsorption in coal using MRI. Magn. Reson. Imaging 19(3–4), 555–559 (2001)CrossRef
  Rodrigues, C.F.: Lemos de Sousa, M.J.: The measurement of coal porosity with different gases. Int. J. Coal Geol. 48(3–4), 245–251 (2002)CrossRef
  Rootare, H.M., Prenzlow, C.F.: Surface areas from mercury porosimeter measurements. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 2733–2736 (1967)CrossRef
  Stach, E., Mackowsky, M.T., Teichmuller, M., Taylor, G.H., Chandra, D., Teichmuller, R.: Stach’s Textbook of Coal petrology, pp. 381–413. Borntraeger, Berlin (1982)
  Washburn, E.W.: The dynamics of capillary flow. Phys. Rev. 17, 273–283 (1921)CrossRef
  Xie, H.: Fractal–An Introduction to Lithomechanics. Science Press, Beijing (1996). (in Chinese)
  Yao, Y., Liu, D.: Microscopic characteristics of microfractures in coals: an investigation into permeability of coal. Procedia Earth Planet. Sci. 1(1), 903–910 (2009)CrossRef
  Yao, Y., Liu, D., Tang, D., Tang, S., Huang, W.: Fractal characterization of adsorption pores of coals from North China: an investigation on CH\(_{4}\) adsorption capacity of coals. Int. J. Coal Geol. 73(1), 27–42 (2008)CrossRef
  Yao, Y., Liu, D., Tang, D., Tang, S., Huang, W., Liu, Z., Che, Y.: Fractal characterization of seepage-pores of coals from China: an investigation on permeability of coals. Comput. Geosci. 35(6), 1159–1166 (2009)CrossRef
  Yao, Y., Liu, D., Che, Y., Tang, D., Tang, S., Huang, W.: Petrophysical characterization of coals by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fuel 89, 1371–1380 (2010)CrossRef
  Yao, S., Jiao, K., Zhang, K., Hu, W., Ding, H., Li, M.C., Pei, W.M.: An atomic force microscopy study of coal nanopore structure. Chin. Sci. Bull. 56, 2706–2712 (2011)CrossRef
  Yao, Y., Liu, D.: Effects of igneous intrusions on coal petrology, pore-fracture and coalbed methane characteristics in Hongyang, Handan and Huaibei coalfields. North China. Int. J. Coal Geol. 96–97, 72–81 (2012)CrossRef
  Zhang, B., Li, S.: Determination of the surface fractal dimension for porous media by mercury porosimetry. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 1383–1386 (1995)CrossRef
  Zhang, B., Liu, W., Liu, X.: Scale-dependent nature of the surface fractal dimension for bi- and multi-disperse porous solids by mercury porosimetry. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253(3), 1349–1355 (2006)CrossRef
  Zhang, S., Tang, S., Tang, D., Huang, W., Pan, Z.: Determining fractal dimensions of coal pores by FHH model: problems and effects. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 21, 929–939 (2014)CrossRef
  Zhao, A., Liao, Y., Tang, X.: Quantitative analysis of pore structure by fractal analysis. J. China Coal Soc. 23(4), 439–442 (1998)
  
• 作者单位：Yidong Cai (1)
  Dameng Liu (1)
  Zhejun Pan (2)
  Yao Che (1)
  Zhihua Liu (1)
  
  1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
  2. CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3169, Australia
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  Civil Engineering
  Hydrogeology
  Mechanics, Fluids and Thermodynamics
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1634

文摘

Permeability is one of the key petrophysical properties for the coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs, which directly impact the CBM production rate and the amount of CBM that can be ultimately recovered. Due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of coals, an accurate determination for permeability of coals is required. Coal permeability is often determined by fractures (or cleats), which correlates with the aperture of cleats and cleats frequency. However, the gases flow path in coals covers fractures (or cleats), and pores with pore width \(>\)100 nm; thus, the effect of pores on permeability should not be neglected, especially in the process of outgassing for methane release from pores over 100 nm (defined as seepage-pores) in the coal seams. Understanding of this issue is limited. Therefore, the determination of the pore size distribution in coal cores was conducted by using mercury intrusion porosimetry. With a specific interest in larger pores (\(>\)100 nm), the larger pores are linked to their contribution to permeability in coal cores with core permeability by the transient pulse method. Based on 33 coal samples with vitrinite reflectance in the range of 0.54–2.99 %, this work examines the seepage-pores contribution on core permeability by using classic geometry and thermodynamics fractal model. Moreover, a pore fractal permeability model was established to acquire the seepage-pores permeability, which can be used to interpret the permeability evolution of coals during coalification. Coal pore surfaces generally have very high heterogeneity with fractal dimension of 2.75–2.96 from thermodynamics model \((D_{\mathrm{ts}})\), which presents a cubic polynomial relation with coal rank. The fractal dimensions from thermodynamics model show a consistent result, which indicates that the pore size/volume distribution was one of the key parameters affecting seepage-pores permeability. Finally, an ideal coal permeability (including seepage-pores and fractures contributed) evolution model during coalification was proposed and the seepage-pores contributed permeability generally covers \(\sim \)10 to \(\sim \)30 % of the entire coal permeability. Keywords Seepage-pores Fractal Fractures Permeability Coal