Dynamics of insect diversity during the Early and Middle Permian
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- 作者：A. P. Rasnitsyn ; D. S. Aristov ; D. A. Rasnitsyn
- 关键词：Insecta ; Early and Middle Permian ; dynamics of the taxonomic diversity ; extinction
- 刊名：Paleontological Journal
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：December 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：49
- 期：12
- 页码：1282-1309
- 全文大小：434 KB
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D. S. Aristov (1)
D. A. Rasnitsyn (3)
1. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russia
2. Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
3. Middleton, NJ 07748-53, Washington D.C., United States
文摘
The composition of insect families in the Early and Middle Permian is analyzed to reveal the dynamics of taxonomic diversity using the approach developed earlier (Aristov et al., 2013). The efficiency of the methods used for quantitative estimation of the degree and direction of changes is confirmed using 15 sequences of local and, in some cases, regional insect assemblages of Eurasia and North and South America. It is shown that changes that took place at the principal boundaries between the Asselian and Sakmarian, Kungurian and Ufimian, and Early and Late Kazanian were stepwise. At each of these boundaries, the family composition of insects underwent stepwise rejuvenation. Furthermore, the Asselian stage is characterized by dramatic dominance of positive over negative changes in the taxonomic composition of assemblages (i.e., there are more first appearances than last appearances of families) and by low relative (per family) degree of changes. At the next, Artinskian–Kungurian stage, changes in composition stabilize at a moderately positive level and the relative total degree of changes increases. In the Urzhumian–Early Kazanian time, negative changes (i.e., last appearances) predominated; during the Late Kazanian–Urzhumian stage, changes become balanced. Importantly, the negative character of changes that took place during the Ufimian–Early Kazanian time resulted from deceleration of diversification (decrease in the number of first appearances of families) rather than from intensification of extinction (increase in the number of last appearances); we described a similar pattern for the Vyatkian Time of the Late Permian (Rasnitsyn, 2012; Rasnitsyn et al., 2013; Aristov et al., 2013). The relative total degree of changes in the Ufimian–Urzhumian time decreases almost to the Asselian level. It is proposed that not only an increase but also decrease in biological diversity is essentially endogenous, i.e., determined mostly by the specificity of organisms rather than external factors. Keywords Insecta Early and Middle Permian dynamics of the taxonomic diversity extinction