Daily Enteral DHA Supplementation Alleviates Deficiency in Premature Infants

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• 作者：Michelle L. Baack ; Susan E. Puumala ; Stephen E. Messier ; Deborah K. Pritchett…
• 关键词：Neonatal nutrition ; Premature infants ; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ; Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) ; Essential dietary lipids
• 刊名：Lipids
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：51
• 期：4
• 页码：423-433
• 全文大小：651 KB
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• 作者单位：Michelle L. Baack (1) (2) (3)
  Susan E. Puumala (1) (2)
  Stephen E. Messier (1) (3)
  Deborah K. Pritchett (3)
  William S. Harris (1) (2) (4)
  
  1. Sanford Research, Children’s Health Research Center, 2301 E. 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
  2. Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
  3. Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children’s Hospital, 1600 W. 22nd St., PO Box 5039, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
  4. OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Biochemistry
  Medicinal Chemistry
  Microbial Genetics and Genomics
  Nutrition
  Bioorganic Chemistry
  Medical Biochemistry
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1558-9307

文摘

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) important for health and neurodevelopment. Premature infants are at risk of DHA deficiency and circulating levels directly correlate with health outcomes. Most supplementation strategies have focused on increasing DHA content in mother’s milk or infant formula. However, extremely premature infants may not reach full feedings for weeks and commercially available parenteral lipid emulsions do not contain preformed DHA, so blood levels decline rapidly after birth. Our objective was to develop a DHA supplementation strategy to overcome these barriers. This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial determined feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of daily enteral DHA supplementation (50 mg/day) in addition to standard nutrition for preterm infants (24–34 weeks gestational age) beginning in the first week of life. Blood FA levels were analyzed at baseline, full feedings and near discharge in DHA (n = 31) or placebo supplemented (n = 29) preterm infants. Term peers (n = 30) were analyzed for comparison. Preterm infants had lower baseline DHA levels (p < 0.0001). Those receiving DHA had a progressive increase in circulating DHA over time (from 3.33 to 4.09 wt% or 2.88 to 3.55 mol%, p < 0.0001) while placebo-supplemented infants (receiving standard neonatal nutrition) had no increase over time (from 3.35 to 3.32 wt% or 2.91 to 2.87 mol%). Although levels increased with additional DHA supplementation, preterm infants still had lower blood DHA levels than term peers (4.97 wt% or 4.31 mol%) at discharge (p = 0.0002). No differences in adverse events were observed between the groups. Overall, daily enteral DHA supplementation is feasible and alleviates deficiency in premature infants.