Determination of elemental toxicity migration limits, bioaccessibility and risk assessment of essential childcare products

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• 作者：Ali Aboel Dahab ; Dhia Eldin A. Elhag…
• 关键词：Feeding teats ; Heavy metals ; ICP ; OES ; Metal bioaccessibility ; Migration limit ; Risk assessment ; Teethers
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：23
• 期：4
• 页码：3406-3413
• 全文大小：384 KB
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• 作者单位：Ali Aboel Dahab (1)
  Dhia Eldin A. Elhag (2)
  Ammar Bourai Ahmed (2)
  Humaida A. Al-Obaid (2)
  
  1. Faculty of life sciences & medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology|, Khartoum Sudan, P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

Children especially infants are particularly sensitive to contaminant exposure, they are exposed to toxic substances including heavy metals via multiple pathways, i.e. food, air, water, soil and childcare products. To date, determination of metal bioaccessibility in teethers and feeding teats is missing in the literature; therefore, it is vitally important to assess their metal bioaccessibility and characterise the risk for children. The aim of this study is to determine the migration levels of toxic elements in teethers and feeding teats of different brands as a measure of metal bioaccessibility and characterise the risk for children exposed to these products. The migration limits of several heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn) in different brands of teethers and feeding teats were determined simultaneously using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) adopting a protocol in the European standards for safety of toys. With the exception of Pb, the migration limits of all elements in all brands of teethers and feeding teats were below the specified limits. However, in the case of Pb, the migration was above the specified limits in all samples except one brand of feeding teats. Risk assessment expressed as hazard index (HI) was calculated for detected elements and all samples. Although HI was below 1.0 for all samples except one sample, the high Pb concentration would pose a considerable risk to children. Therefore, we recommend a more thorough research and risk characterisation taking into consideration the factors that affect HI values.