Ice Fog and Light Snow Measurements Using a High-Resolution Camera System
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- 作者：Thomas Kuhn ; Ismail Gultepe
- 关键词：Ice fog ; snow ; precipitation ; fall speed ; ice particle properties ; optical imaging
- 刊名：Pure and Applied Geophysics
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：September 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：173
- 期：9
- 页码：3049-3064
- 全文大小：1,585 KB
- 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Earth sciences
Geophysics and Geodesy - 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
- ISSN：1420-9136
- 卷排序：173
文摘
Ice fog, diamond dust, and light snow usually form over extremely cold weather conditions, and they affect both visibility and Earth’s radiative energy budget. Prediction of these hydrometeors using models is difficult because of limited knowledge of the microphysical properties at the small size ranges due to measurement issues. These phenomena need to be better represented in forecast and climate models; therefore, in addition to remote sensing accurate measurements using ground-based instrumentation are required. An imaging instrument, aimed at measuring ice fog and light snow particles, has been built and is presented here. The ice crystal imaging (ICI) probe samples ice particles into a vertical, tapered inlet with an inlet flow rate of 11 L min−1. A laser beam across the vertical air flow containing the ice crystals allows for their detection by a photodetector collecting the scattered light. Detected particles are then imaged with high optical resolution. An illuminating LED flash and image capturing are triggered by the photodetector. In this work, ICI measurements collected during the fog remote sensing and modeling (FRAM) project, which took place during Winter of 2010–2011 in Yellowknife, NWT, Canada, are summarized and challenges related to measuring small ice particles are described. The majority of ice particles during the 2-month-long campaign had sizes between 300 and 800 μm. During ice fog events the size distribution measured had a lower mode diameter of 300 μm compared to the overall campaign average with mode at 500 μm.