Agronomic performance and grain quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces and improved varieties grown in a Mediterranean environment

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• 作者：Umberto Anastasi ; Orazio Sortino…
• 关键词：Fibre ; Landrace ; Lipid composition ; Protein ; Seed yield ; Sesamum indicum L.
• 刊名：Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：64
• 期：1
• 页码：127-137
• 全文大小：
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Plant Genetics & Genomics; Plant Physiology; Agriculture;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5109
• 卷排序：64

文摘

Sesame seeds are an excellent food and non-food raw material, for which there is a consolidated deficit in Italy and in other European Union countries. For this reason, a 2-years experiment was conducted in Sicily to compare the agronomic performance (phenology, morphological and productive traits) and grain quality (oil and its main constituents, protein of defatted flour, fibre) of three landraces, one of Turkish origin and two Sicilian (“Ispica” and “Modica”), and two improved varieties (‘Pachequino’ and ‘Yori 77’). The landraces evidenced earliness (115 days) and the greater height of insertion of first capsule (0.52 m), whereas the variety ‘Pachequino’ was the most productive (3.5 t ha−1). Turkish and “Ispica” landraces and ‘Yori 77’ variety provided seeds with greater lipid (54 %, on average) and protein contents (44 % on defatted flour, on average). ‘Pachequino’ and both Sicilian landraces produced seeds richer in fibre fractions. As regard to oil quality, the oleic acid/linoleic acid was found balanced (about 1) for Turkish landrace, and it decreased for the other cultivars reaching the lowest value for ‘Pachequino’. “Modica” had higher quantity of unsaponifiable matter (1.98 %) in the oil, whereas ‘Yori 77’ had the maximum concentration of phytosterols (5532.8 mg kg−1). Policosanol fraction prevailed in oil of “Ispica” (205.8 mg kg−1). Moreover, there was variability in the fatty acid, sterol and policosanol compositions with differences among the cultivars. Research provide information to exploit sesame within agrosystems under Mediterranean climates, and may be a starting point for breeding activity to enhance crop productivity and grain quality.