Safety evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in terms of acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation and corrosion, and skin sensitization

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Sung-Hwan Kim ; Yongju Heo ; Seong-Jin Choi ; Yong-Jae Kim…
• 关键词：Zinc oxide nanoparticles ; Dermal toxicity ; Dermal irritation ; Skin sensitization ; GLP ; OECD
• 刊名：Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 页码：93-99
• 全文大小：541 KB
• 参考文献：1.Zhang, Y., Nayak, T. R., Hong, H. & Cai, W. Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials. Curr Mol Med 13:1633–1645 (2013).CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  2.Shi, L. E. et al. Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 31:173–186 (2014).CrossRef PubMed
  3.Straube, E. F., Schuster, N. H. & Sinclair, A. J. Zinc toxicity in the ferret. J Comp Pathol 90:355–361 (1980).CrossRef PubMed
  4.Lam, H. F., Conner, M. W., Rogers, A. E., Fitzgerald, S. & Amdur, M. O. Functional and morphologic changes in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to freshly generated ultrafine zinc oxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 78:29–38 (1985).CrossRef PubMed
  5.Wesselkamper, S. C., Chen, L. C. & Gordon, T. Development of pulmonary tolerance in mice exposed to zinc oxide fumes. Toxicol Sci 60:144–151 (2001).CrossRef PubMed
  6.Surekha, P. et al. Repeated dose dermal toxicity study of nano zinc oxide with Sprague-Dawley rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 31:26–32 (2012).CrossRef PubMed
  7.Lam, H. F., Chen, L. C., Ainsworth, D., Peoples, S. & Amdur, M. O. Pulmonary function of guinea pigs exposed to freshly generated ultrafine zinc oxide with and without spike concentrations. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 49:333–341 (1988).CrossRef PubMed
  8.Fine, J. M. et al. Metal fume fever: characterization of clinical and plasma IL-6 responses in controlled human exposures to zinc oxide fume at and below the threshold limit value. J Occup Environ Med 39:722–726 (1997).CrossRef PubMed
  9.Cosma, G., Fulton, H., DeFeo, T. & Gordon, T. Rat lung metallothionein and heme oxygenase gene expression following ozone and zinc oxide exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 117:75–80 (1992).CrossRef PubMed
  10.Beckett, W. S. et al. Comparing inhaled ultrafine ver sus fine zinc oxide particles in healthy adults: a human inhalation study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:1129–1135 (2005).CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  11.Wu, J. et al. Toxicity and penetration of TiO2 nanoparticles in hairless mice and porcine skin after subchronic dermal exposure. Toxicol Lett 191:1–8 (2009).CrossRef PubMed
  12.Osmond, M. J. & McCall, M. J. Zinc oxide nanoparticles in modern sunscreens: an analysis of potential exposure and hazard. Nanotoxicology 4:15–41 (2010).CrossRef PubMed
  13.Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. et al. Safety evaluation of sunscreen formulations containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in UVB sunburned skin: an in vitro and in vivo study. Toxicol Sci 123:264–280 (2011).CrossRef PubMed
  14.Kocbek, P., Teskac, K., Kreft, M. E. & Kristl, J. Toxicological aspects of long-term treatment of keratinocytes with ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. Small 6:1908–1917 (2010).CrossRef PubMed
  15.Meyer, K., Rajanahalli, P., Ahamed, M., Rowe, J. J. & Hong, Y. ZnO nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts via p53 and p38 pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 25:1721–1726 (2011).CrossRef PubMed
  16.Ng, K. W. et al. The role of the tumor suppressor p53 pathway in the cellular DNA damage response to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 32:8218–8225 (2011).CrossRef PubMed
  17.Warheit, D. B. et al. Development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine TiO2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. Toxicol Lett 171:99–110 (2007).CrossRef PubMed
  18.Jeong, S. H. et al. Assessment of penetration of quantum dots through in vitro and in vivo human skin using the human skin equivalent model and the tape stripping method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:612–615 (2010).CrossRef PubMed
  19.Patnaik, P. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals (Mc-Graw-Hill, New York, 2003).
  20.Oberdörster, G. Toxicology of ultrafine particles: in vivo studies. Trans R Soc Lond A 358:2719–2740 (2000).CrossRef
  21.Franklin, N. M. et al. Comparative toxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl2 to a freshwater microalga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): the importance of particle solubility. Environ Sci Technol 41: 8484–8490 (2007).CrossRef PubMed
  22.Karlsson, H. L., Gustafsson, J., Cronholm, P. & Möller, L. Size-dependent toxicity of metal oxide particles—a comparison between nano-and micrometer size. Toxicol Lett 188:112–118 (2009).CrossRef PubMed
  23.Zvyagin, A. V. et al. Imaging of zinc oxide nanoparticle penetration in human skin in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Opt 13:064031 (2008).CrossRef PubMed
  24.Moos, P. J. et al. Responses of human cells to ZnO nanoparticles: a gene transcription study. Metallomics 3:1199–1211 (2011).CrossRef PubMed
  25.Cross, S. E. et al. Human skin penetration of sunscreen nanoparticles: in-vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 20:148–154 (2007).CrossRef PubMed
  26.Filipe, P. et al. Stratum corneum is an effective barrier to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle percutaneous absorption. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 22:266–275 (2009).CrossRef PubMed
  27.Schilling, K. et al. Human safety review of “nano” titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9:495–509 (2010).CrossRef PubMed
  28.OECD. Test Guideline 402. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. Acute Dermal Toxicity. France (1987).
  29.OECD. Test Guideline 404. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. Acute Dermal irritation/corrosion. France (2015).CrossRef
  30.OECD. Test Guideline 406. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. Skin sensitization. France (1992).
  31.Buehler, E. V. Occlusive patch method for skin sensitization in guinea pigs: th Buehler method. Food Chem Toxicol 32:97–101 (1994).CrossRef PubMed
  
• 作者单位：Sung-Hwan Kim (1)
  Yongju Heo (1)
  Seong-Jin Choi (1)
  Yong-Jae Kim (1)
  Min-Seok Kim (1)
  Hyunmi Kim (2)
  Eunhye Jo (2)
  Chang-Woo Song (2)
  Kyuhong Lee (1)
  
  1. Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, 56212, Korea
  2. Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22609, Korea
  
• 刊物主题：Cell Biology; Pharmacology/Toxicology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：2092-8467

文摘

To clarify the health risks related to the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation and corrosion, and skin sensitization were evaluated according to the guideline for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). In acute dermal toxicity test using rats, there were no treatment-related mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, body weight changes, and gross findings at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Similarly, dermal irritation and corrosion tests using rabbits revealed no mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, and acute irritation or corrosion reaction on the skin. In a skin sensitization test using guinea pigs, there were no significant mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, body weight changes, and skin reactions 24 and 48 h after the removal of challenge patch, which was scored “0” based on the Magnusson and Kligman grading scale. Our findings suggest that the nano-sized ZnO used in this study is relatively safe since it did not induce acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation and corrosion, and skin sensitization.