Phosphorus in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: implications for agricultural intensification

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• 作者：Generose Nziguheba ; Shamie Zingore ; Job Kihara…
• 关键词：Agronomic P use efficiency ; Optimization ; P ; efficient genotypes ; P sources
• 刊名：Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：104
• 期：3
• 页码：321-340
• 全文大小：1,072 KB
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• 作者单位：Generose Nziguheba (1)
  Shamie Zingore (2)
  Job Kihara (3)
  Roel Merckx (4)
  Samuel Njoroge (2)
  Abigael Otinga (5)
  Elke Vandamme (6)
  Bernard Vanlauwe (1)
  
  1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
  2. International Plant Nutrition Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
  3. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
  4. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
  5. University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
  6. Africa Rice Center, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Soil Science and Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0867

文摘

Current efforts in combating food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) focus on agricultural intensification. Given the high soil nutrient depletions, replenishing soil fertility is a major component of such efforts. One of the key nutrients limiting crop production is phosphorus (P). Overcoming P deficiency in smallholder farming in SSA faces many challenges, mainly because the causes of P deficiencies vary, and viable options to replenish soil P have limitations. In some areas, P deficiency is associated with a low P reserve, while in others, it results from a high soil P-adsorption capacity. Numerous studies have focused on developing approaches and strategies with potential to replenish soil P or improve its availability to crops. This paper highlights approaches and strategies that have been studied, including the use of soluble P fertilizers, phosphate rocks and organic resources. The contribution of soluble P fertilizers is mainly limited by their high cost, while most phosphate rocks are not mined. Replenishing P through organic resources is constrained by their often low P content and inadequate availability in smallholder farms. Optimizing the P use efficiency appears as the most plausible target pending an increased accessibility of P sources to farmers. Practices towards this optimization include strategic crop sequences and P allocation to crops, use of P-efficient genotypes, and targeting the residual P. Research is needed towards gaps in understanding processes governing benefits associated with these practices. Since P replenishment is fertilizer dependent, greater attention is required in enhancing the accessibility of P fertilizers to smallholder farmers.