Sol鈥揼el-derived photonic structures handling erbium ions luminescence

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• 作者：A. Lukowiak (1) (2)
  A. Chiappini (1)
  A. Chiasera (1)
  D. Ristic (1) (3)
  I. Vasilchenko (1) (4)
  C. Armellini (1) (5)
  A. Carpentiero (1)
  S. Varas (1)
  G. Speranza (1) (5)
  S. Taccheo (6)
  S. Pelli (7)
  I. K. Battisha (8)
  G. C. Righini (7) (9)
  W. Strek (2)
  M. Ferrari (1)
  
  1. IFN 鈥?CNR CSMFO Lab. ; Via alla Cascata 56/C Povo ; 38123聽 ; Trento ; Italy
  2. Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research ; PAS ; Okolna 2 ; 50-422聽 ; Wroc艂aw ; Poland
  3. Institut Ru膽er Bo拧kovi膰 ; Bijeni膷ka cesta 54 ; 10000聽 ; Zagreb ; Croatia
  4. Dipartimento di Fisica ; Universit脿 di Trento ; via Sommarive 14 ; Povo ; 38123聽 ; Trento ; Italy
  5. FBK Center for Materials and Microsystems ; via Sommarive 18 ; Povo ; 38123 ; Trento ; Italy
  6. College of Engineering ; Swansea University ; Singleton Park ; Swansea ; UK
  7. IFAC - CNR ; MiPLab ; Via Madonna del Piano 10 ; 50019聽 ; Sesto Fiorentino ; Italy
  8. National Research Center ; 12622聽 ; Dokki ; Giza ; Egypt
  9. Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi ; P.zza Viminale 1 ; 00184聽 ; Rome ; Italy
  
• 关键词：Waveguide ; Photonic crystal ; Nanocrystals ; Spectroscopy ; Structure
• 刊名：Optical and Quantum Electronics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：47
• 期：1
• 页码：117-124
• 全文大小：673 KB
• 参考文献：1. Afifi, N.D., Dalba, G., Rocca, F., Ferrari, M.: \(\text{ Er }^{3+}\) -activated \(\text{ SiO }_{2}\) -based glasses and glassceramics: from structure to optimization. Eur. J Glass Sci. Technol. B. Phys. Chem. Glasses 48, 229鈥?34 (2007)
  2. Badr, Y., Battisha, I.K., El Nahrawy, A.M.S., Elouadi, B., Kamal, M.: Physical study of thin film and monolithic nano-composites [ \(\text{ SiO }_{2}{:}\text{11P }_{2}\text{ O }_{5}{:}\text{3Al }_{2}\text{ O }_{3}\) :(1.2)Er (1.2, 1.8 and 3)Yb] prepared by sol鈥揼el technique, planar waveguide and co-operative up-conversion. New J Glass Ceram. 1, 71鈥?8 (2011) CrossRef
  3. Berneschi, S., Soria, S., Righini, G.C., Alombert-Goget, G., Chiappini, A., Chiasera, A., Jestin, Y., Ferrari, M., Guddala, S., Moser, E., Bhaktha, S.N.B., Boulard, B., Duverger Arfuso, C., Turrell, S.: Rare-earth-activated glass鈥揷eramic waveguides. Opt. Mater. 32, 1644鈥?647 (2010) CrossRef
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  5. Bregiroux, D., Lucas, S., Champion, E., Audubert, F., Bernache-Assollant, D.: Sintering and microstructure of rare earth phosphate ceramics \(\text{ REPO }_{4}\) with RE = La, Ce or Y. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26, 279鈥?87 (2006) CrossRef
  6. Chiappini, A., Armellini, C., Chiasera, A., Jestin, Y., Ferrari, M., Moser, E., Nunzi Conti, G., Pelli, S., Retoux, R., Righini, G.C.: \(\text{ Er }^{3+}\) -activated sol鈥揼el silica confined structures for photonic applications. Opt. Mater. 31, 1275鈥?279 (2009) CrossRef
  7. Chiappini, A., Chiasera, A., Berneschi, S., Armellini, C., Carpentiero, A., Mazzola, M., Moser, E., Varas, S., Righini, G.C., Ferrari, M.: Sol鈥揼el-derived photonic structures: fabrication, assessment, and application. J. Sol鈥揋el Sci. Technol. 60, 408鈥?25 (2011) CrossRef
  8. Chiappini, A., Armellini, C., Carpentiero, A., Minati, L., Righini, G.C., Ferrari, M.: Solvent sensitive polymer composite structures. Opt. Mater. 36, 130鈥?34 (2013) CrossRef
  9. de Dood, M.J.A., Slooff, L.H., Polman, A., Moroz, A., van Blaaderen, A.: Modified spontaneous emission in erbium-doped \(\text{ SiO }_{2}\) spherical colloids. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3585鈥?587 (2001a) 1419033" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef
  10. de Dood, M.J.A., Slooff, L.H., Polman, A., Moroz, A., van Blaaderen, A.: Local optical density of states in \(\text{ SiO }_{2}\) spherical microcavities: theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. A 64, 33807 (2001b) CrossRef
  11. Gan, F., Xu, L. (eds.): Photonic Glasses. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore (2006)
  12. Iraj Najafi, S. (ed.): Selected Papers on Sol鈥揋el for Photonics. SPIE Press, Bellingham (1998)
  13. Jestin, Y., Armellini, C., Chiasera, A., Chiappini, A., Ferrari, M., Moser, E., Retoux, R., Righini, G.C.: Low-loss optical \(\text{ Er }^{3+}\) -activated glass鈥揷eramics planar waveguides fabricated by bottom-up approach. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 071909 (2007) CrossRef
  14. Lukowiak, A., Wiglusz, R.J., Chiappini, A., Armellini, C., Battisha, I.K., Righini, G.C., Ferrari, M.: Structural and spectroscopic properties of \(\text{ Eu }^{3+}\) -activated nanocrystalline tetraphosphates loaded in silica鈥揾afnia thin film. J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.12.019
  15. Minati, L., Speranza, G., Ferrari, M., Jestin, Y., Chiasera, A.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of erbium-activated-silica鈥揾afnia waveguides. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 502鈥?05 (2007) CrossRef
  16. Minati, L., Speranza, G., Micheli, V., Ferrari, M., Jestin, Y.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of \(\text{ Er }^{3+}\) -activated \(\text{ SiO }_{2}\) 鈥?span class="a-plus-plus inline-equation id-i-eq107"> \(\text{ HfO }_{2}\) glass鈥揷eramic waveguides. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42, 015408 (2009) CrossRef
  17. Pechini, M.P.: Method of preparing lead and alkaline earth titanates and niobates and coating methods to form the capacitor. US Patent No. 3.330.697 (July 11, 1967)
  18. Slooff, L.H., de Dood, M.J.A., van Blaaderen, A., Polman, A.: Erbium-implanted silica colloids with 80% luminescence quantum efficiency. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3682鈥?684 (2000) CrossRef
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  20. Wiglusz, R.J., Pazik, R., Lukowiak, A., Strek, W.: Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of \(\text{ LiEu(PO }_{3})_{4}\) nanoparticles. Inorg. Chem. 50, 1321鈥?330 (2011) CrossRef
  21. Zampedri, L., Righini, G.C., Portales, H., Pelli, S., Nunzi-Conti, G., Montagna, M., Mattarelli, M., Goncalves, R.R., Ferrari, M., Chiasera, A., Bouazaoui, M., Armellini, C.: Sol鈥揼el-derived Er-activated \(\text{ SiO }_{2}\) 鈥?span class="a-plus-plus inline-equation id-i-eq114"> \(\text{ HfO }_{2}\) planar waveguides for \(1.5 \upmu \text{ m }\) application. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 345&346, 580鈥?84 (2004) CrossRef
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• 刊物主题：Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices; Electrical Engineering; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Computer Communication Networks;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1572-817X

文摘

The sol鈥揼el technique is a very flexible, relatively simple, and low-cost method to fabricate many different innovative photonic structures characterized by specific functionalities. During synthesis, starting from the molecular level, compounds or composites with well controlled composition can be obtained as thin films, powders or monoliths. These materials can be used to prepare such structures as waveguides, photonic crystals, coatings, and bulk glasses including spheres, rings and other geometries exploited in optical resonators fabrication. This article presents some results obtained by the authors in the field of the sol鈥揼el-derived photonic structures. To emphasise the scientific and technological interest in this kind of systems and the versatility of the sol鈥揼el route, the glass-based nano and micrometer scale range systems are discussed. Particularly, the following systems are described: silica鈥揾afnia glass and glass鈥揷eramic planar waveguides, nanosized tetraphosphates, and silica colloidal crystals. The attention is focused on the spectroscopic properties of \(\hbox {Er}^{3+}\) -activated materials that due to the light emission can be used in the integrated optics area covering application in sensing, biomedical diagnostic, energy conversion, telecommunication, lighting, and photon management.