We analyze the errors of airborne radiometric measurements of the infrared upwelling radiation Ix of the surface performed using conventional and modified procedures (with calibrators in the form of flat reflecting mirror-like surfaces oriented to reflect the measured radiation Ix to the radiometer in the process of calibration) for the modes of operation of a radiometer with and without thermostatic control. We propose relations for finding Ix as well as for the instrumental and procedural errors and give recommendations for their reduction. It is shown that the modified procedure leads to smaller errors than the conventional procedure.