Chromosomenindividualit盲t or Entmischung? The debate between Paolo Della Valle and Edmund B. Wilson

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• 作者：Alessandro Volpone
• 关键词：Chromosome number ; Size and behavior ; Counting chromosomes ; Sutton鈥揃overi hypothesis ; Cytogenetics
• 刊名：History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：36
• 期：3
• 页码：404-414
• 全文大小：
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• 作者单位：Alessandro Volpone (1)
  
  1. Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca 鈥淪eminario di Storia della Scienza鈥? Universit脿 degli Studi di Bari, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121, Bari, Italy
  
• 刊物类别：Philosophy of Science; History of Science; Life Sciences, general; Philosophy of Biology;
• 刊物主题：Philosophy of Science; History of Science; Life Sciences, general; Philosophy of Biology;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1742-6316

文摘

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Italian cytologist Paolo Della Valle developed a theory of instable chromosomes (teoria dei cromosomi labili). He radically criticized the so-called Sutton鈥揃overi hypothesis (Martins and Martins, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 22:261鈥?71, 1999), focusing on numerical constancy in the species and individuality. On the basis of bibliographical review and personal observations, he maintained that the chromosomes were neither stable bodies, nor permanent structures, but transitory cellular materials, resulting from the periodical re-arrangement of the chromatin during the cell division. German and English-speaking biologists reacted. The paper shows some content of the argumentations used by Thomas H. Montgomery and especially Edmund B. Wilson. The discussion was characterized by the same data which is interpreted by different scholars in different ways. And the point is that no one of them had the decisive test to demonstrate his own point of view. Wilson simply invoked on his behalf a certain 鈥榗ommon sense鈥? defending at least a 鈥榟igh degree of constancy鈥? The debate waned along with the reception of Morgan鈥檚 chromosome theory of heredity, but only the advent of molecular biology definitively stated the nature of chromosomes as permanent structures of the cell. Keywords Chromosome number Size and behavior Counting chromosomes Sutton鈥揃overi hypothesis Cytogenetics