Refining the ethics of computer-made decisions: a classification of moral mediation by ubiquitous machines

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• 作者：Marlies Van de Voort (1)
  Wolter Pieters (2)
  Luca Consoli (3)
  
  1. University of Twente EEMCS-PS ; Zilverling ; P.O. Box 217 ; 7500 AE ; Enschede ; The Netherlands
  2. TU Delft and University of Twente TBM-ICT ; P.O. Box 5015 ; 2600 GA ; Delft ; The Netherlands
  3. Faculty of Science ; Radboud University Nijmegen Philosophy and Science Studies ; P.O. Box 9010 (internal code 77) ; 6500 GL ; Nijmegen ; The Netherlands
  
• 关键词：Ubiquitous computing ; Moral reasoning ; Technological mediation ; Moral decisions ; Human computer relations
• 刊名：Ethics and Information Technology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：March 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：17
• 期：1
• 页码：41-56
• 全文大小：279 KB
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• 刊物类别：Computer Science
• 刊物主题：Management of Computing and Information Systems
  Technology Management
  Ethics
  User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction
  Library Science
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-8439

文摘

In the past decades, computers have become more and more involved in society by the rise of ubiquitous systems, increasing the number of interactions between humans and IT systems. At the same time, the technology itself is getting more complex, enabling devices to act in a way that previously only humans could, based on developments in the fields of both robotics and artificial intelligence. This results in a situation in which many autonomous, intelligent and context-aware systems are involved in decisions that affect their environment. These relations between people, machines, and decisions can take many different forms, but thus far, a systematic account of machine-assisted moral decisions is lacking. This paper investigates the concept of machine-assisted moral decisions from the perspective of technological mediation. It is argued that modern machines do not only have morality in the sense of mediating the actions of humans, but that, by making their own decisions within their relations with humans, mediate morality itself. A classification is proposed to differentiate between four different types of moral relations. The moral aspects within the decisions these systems make are combined into three dimensions that describe the distinct characteristics of different types of moral mediation by machines. Based on this classification, specific guidelines for moral behavior can be provided for these systems.