文摘
To design novel phenanthroline-derived soft ligands for selectively separating minor actinides from lanthanides, four tetradentate phenanthroline-derived heterocyclic ligands (BTPhen, BPyPhen, BPzPhen, and BBizPhen) were constructed and their complexation behaviors with Am(III) and Eu(III) were systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) coupled with relativistic small-core pseudopotential. In all the 1:1-type species, the metal ion is in the center of the cavity and coordinates with two nitrogen atoms (N1 and N1- of the phenanthroline skeleton and the other two nitrogen atoms (N2 and N2- of the auxiliary groups. The bond lengths of Am-N are comparable to or even shorter than those of Eu-N bonds because the ionic radii of Am(III) are larger than those of Eu(III). Additionally, the negative ΔΔG Am/Eu value for the reaction of [M(H2O)4(NO3)3] + L ?ML(NO3)3 + 4H2O indicates that the complexation reaction of Am(III) is more energetically favorable than that of Eu(III); this can be considered as an important design criterion to screen phenanthroline-derived ligands for MA(III) extraction. According to this criterion, the selectivity of tetradentate phenanthroline-derived ligands for separating Am(III) over Eu(III) follows the order of BTPhen > BBizPhen > BPyPhen > BPzPhen.