Combinatorial activities of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and FLOWERING LOCUS C define distinct modes of flowering regulation in Arabidopsis
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- 作者：Julieta L Mateos (1) (5)
Pedro Madrigal (2) (6) (7)
Kenichi Tsuda (3)
Vimal Rawat (1)
Ren茅 Richter (1)
Maida Romera-Branchat (1)
Fabio Fornara (1) (4)
Korbinian Schneeberger (1)
Pawe艂 Krajewski (2)
George Coupland (1)
1. Department of Plant Developmental Biology ; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research ; D-50829 ; Cologne ; Germany
5. Present address ; Fundaci贸n Instituto Leloir ; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioqu铆micas de Buenos Aires - CONICET ; C1405BWE ; Buenos Aires ; Argentina
2. Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics ; Institute of Plant Genetics ; Polish Academy of Sciences ; 60-479 ; Pozna艅 ; Poland
6. Present address ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute ; Wellcome Trust Genome Campus ; Hinxton ; Cambridge ; CB10 1SA ; UK
7. Present address ; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute ; Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine ; Department of Surgery ; University of Cambridge ; CB2 0SZ ; Cambridge ; UK
3. Department of Plant Microbe Interactions ; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research ; D-50829 ; Cologne ; Germany
4. Department of Biosciences ; University of Milan ; 20133 ; Milan ; Italy - 刊名：Genome Biology
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：December 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：16
- 期：1
- 全文大小：1,993 KB
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- 出版者：BioMed Central
- ISSN：1465-6906
文摘
Background The initiation of flowering is an important developmental transition as it marks the beginning of the reproductive phase in plants. The MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) form a complex to repress the expression of genes that initiate flowering in Arabidopsis. Both TFs play a central role in the regulatory network by conferring seasonal patterns of flowering. However, their interdependence and biological relevance when acting as a complex have not been extensively studied. Results We characterized the effects of both TFs individually and as a complex on flowering initiation using transcriptome profiling and DNA-binding occupancy. We find four major clusters regulating transcriptional responses, and that DNA binding scenarios are highly affected by the presence of the cognate partner. Remarkably, we identify genes whose regulation depends exclusively on simultaneous action of both proteins, thus distinguishing between the specificity of the SVP:FLC complex and that of each TF acting individually. The downstream targets of the SVP:FLC complex include a higher proportion of genes regulating floral induction, whereas those bound by either TF independently are biased towards floral development. Many genes involved in gibberellin-related processes are bound by the SVP:FLC complex, suggesting that direct regulation of gibberellin metabolism by FLC and SVP contributes to their effects on flowering. Conclusions The regulatory codes controlled by SVP and FLC were deciphered at the genome-wide level revealing substantial flexibility based on dependent and independent DNA binding that may contribute to variation and robustness in the regulation of flowering.