Flabellariopteris, a new aquatic fern leaf from the Late Triassic of western Liaoning, China

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Chunlin Sun (1) (2)
  Tao Li (1) (2)
  Yuling Na (1) (2)
  Wenhao Wu (1) (2)
  Yunfeng Li (1) (2)
  Lixia Wang (3)
  Lijun Zhang (3)
  
• 关键词：Aquatic fern ; Late Triassic ; Yangcaogou Formation ; Western Liaoning ; China
• 刊名：Chinese Science Bulletin
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：July 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：59
• 期：20
• 页码：2410-2418
• 全文大小：
• 参考文献：1. Smith AR, Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E et al (2006) A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55:705鈥?31 CrossRef
  2. Hasebe M, Omori T, Nakazawa M et al (1994) rbcL gene sequences provide evidence for the evolutionary lineages of leptosporangiate ferns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5730鈥?734 CrossRef
  3. Hasebe M, Wolf PG, Pryer KM et al (1995) Fern phylogeny based on rbcL nucleotide sequences. Am Fern J 85:134鈥?81 CrossRef
  4. Rothwell GW, Stockey RA (1994) The role of / Hydropteris pinnata gen. et sp. nov. in reconstructing the cladistics of heterosporous ferns. Am J Bot 81:479鈥?92 CrossRef
  5. Pryer KM, Smith AR, Skog JE (1995) Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on evidence from morphology and rbcL sequences. Am Fern J 85:205鈥?82 CrossRef
  6. Pryer KM, Schneider H, Smith AR et al (2001) Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. Nature 409:618鈥?22 CrossRef
  7. Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E, Wolf PG et al (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences. Am J Bot 91:1582鈥?598 CrossRef
  8. Pryer KM (1999) Phylogeny of marsileaceous ferns and relationships of the fossil / Hydropteris pinnata reconsidered. Int J Plant Sci 160:931鈥?54 CrossRef
  9. Nagalingum NS, Schneider H, Pryer KM (2006) Comparative morphology of reproductive structures in heterosporous water ferns and a reevaluation of the sporocarp. Int J Plant Sci 167:805鈥?15 CrossRef
  10. Stevenson DW, Loconte H (1996) Ordinal and familial relationships of pteridophyte genera. In: Camus JM, Gibby M, Johns RJ (eds) Pteridology in perspective. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp 435鈥?67
  11. Schneider H, Pryer KM (2002) Structure and function of spores in the aquatic heterosporous fern family Marsileaceae. Int J Plant Sci 163:485鈥?05 CrossRef
  12. Tryon RM, Tryon AF (1982) Ferns and allied plants: with special reference to tropical America. Springer, New York, pp 1鈥?56 CrossRef
  13. Croxdale JG (1978) Salvinia leaves. I. Origin and early differentiation of floating and submerged leaves. Can J Bot 56:1982鈥?991 CrossRef
  14. Croxdale JG (1979) Salvinia leaves. II. Morphogenesis of the floating leaf. Can J Bot 57:1951鈥?959 CrossRef
  15. Croxdale JG (1981) Salvinia leaves. III. Morphogenesis of the submerged leaf. Can J Bot 59:2065鈥?072 CrossRef
  16. Johnson DM (1986) Systematics of the New World species of / Marsilea (Marsileaceae). Syst Bot Monogr 11:1鈥?7 CrossRef
  17. Kramer KU (1990) Marsileaceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The families and genera of vascular plants, vol I., Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Springer, Berlin, pp 180鈥?83
  18. Kubitzki K (1990) The families and genera of vascular plants. In: Kramer KU, Green PS (eds) Pteridophytes and gymnosperms, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 1鈥?04
  19. Saunders RMK, Fowler K (1993) The supraspecific taxonomy and evolution of the fern genus / Azolla (Azollaceae). Plant Syst Evol 184:175鈥?93 CrossRef
  20. Lemon GD, Posluszny U (1997) Shoot morphology and organogenesis of the aquatic floating fern / Salvinia / molesta DS Mitchell, examined with the aid of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Int J Plant Sci 158:693鈥?03 CrossRef
  21. Nagalingum NS, Schneider H, Pryer KM (2007) Molecular phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in the heterosporous fern genus / Marsilea. Syst Bot 32:16鈥?5 CrossRef
  22. Lupia R, Schneider H, Moeser GM et al (2000) Marsileaceae sporocarps and spores from the late Cretaceous of Georgia, USA. Int J Plant Sci 161:975鈥?88 CrossRef
  23. Kotova IZ (1983) Palynological study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments, site 511, Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 71 (Falkland plateau). Initial Rep Deep Sea Drill Proj 71:879鈥?06
  24. Burger D (1976) Some Early Cretaceous plant microfossils from Queensland. Bull Bur Miner Resour Geol Geophys Aust 160:1鈥?2
  25. Burger D (1980) Palynological studies in the lower cretaceous of the Surat Basin, Australia. Bull Bur Miner Resour Geol Geophys 189:1鈥?06
  26. Yamada T, Kato M (2002) / Regnellites nagashimae gen. et sp. nov., the oldest macrofossil of Marsileaceae, from the upper jurassic to lower cretaceous of western Japan. Int J Plant Sci 163:715鈥?23 CrossRef
  27. Skog JE, Dilcher DL (1992) A new species of / Marsilea from the Dakota formation in central Kansas. Am J Bot 79:982鈥?88 CrossRef
  28. Rich FJ, Johnson DM, Dirkin TV (2001) Occurrence and paleoecology of / Marsilea from the Eocene Wasatch Formation, Johnson County, Wyoming. Palaios 16:608鈥?13 CrossRef
  29. Hu SS, Taylor DW, Brenner GJ et al (2008) A new marsilealean fern species from the early cretaceous of Jordan. Palaeoworld 17:235鈥?45 CrossRef
  30. Herman AB, Kva膷ek J (2010) Late cretaceous Gr眉nbach flora of Austria. Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien
  31. Collinson ME (1991) Diversification of modern heterosporous pteridophytes. In: Blackmore S, Barnes SH (eds) Pollen and spores, patterns of diversification. The Systematic Association, vol 44. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 119鈥?50
  32. Collinson ME (1996) 鈥淲hat use are fossil ferns?鈥濃€?0 years on: with a review of the fossil history of extant pteridophyte families and genera. In: Camus JM, Gibby M, Johns RJ (eds) Pteridology in perspective. Proceedings of the Holttum Memorial Pteridophyte Symposium, Whitstable Litho Ltd., pp 349鈥?94
  33. Skog JE, Dilcher DL (1994) Lower vascular plants of the Dakota formation in Kansas and Nebraska, USA. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 80:1鈥?8 CrossRef
  34. Li WB, Batten DJ (1986) The Early Cretaceous megaspore / Arcellites and closely associated / Crybelosporites microspores from northeast Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 46:189鈥?08 CrossRef
  35. Yabe H, Endo H (1927) Salvinia from the Honkeiko Group Honkeiko coalfield / S. Manchuria. Jpn J Geol Geogr 7:113鈥?15
  36. Sze HC, Lee HH (1963) Fossil plants of China. 2 Mesozoic plants from China. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
  37. Zhou HQ (1981) Discovery of the upper triassic flora from Yangcaogou of Beipiao, Liaoning. In: 12th annual conference of the palaeontological society of China selected papers. The Palaeontological Society of China, Science Press, Beijing, pp 147鈥?52 (in Chinese)
  38. Qu LF, Pu RG (1982) Sporopollen assemblage of Yangcaogou formation of Beipiao Liaoning and stratigraphic significance. Bull Shenyang Inst Geol Min Res Chines Acad Geol Sci 4:149鈥?59 (in Chinese)
  39. Mi JR, Zhang CB, Sun CL (1993) Late triassic stratigraphy, paleontology and paleogeography of the northern part of the circum-pacific Belt, China. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
  40. Liu SW (1987) Conchostracan fossils from the Yangcaogou formation in western Liaoning and their age significance. Geol Rev 33:115鈥?21 (in Chinese)
  41. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Liaoning Province (1989) Regional geology of Liaoning Province. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese)
  42. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Liaoning Province (1997) Stratigraphy (lithostratic) of Liaoning Province. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan (in Chinese)
  43. Duan SY, Wang X (1997) A peculiar fossil leaf / Beipiaophyllum Duan & Wang gen. nov. Chenia 3鈥?:125鈥?31
  44. Liu XQ, Li CS, Wang YF (2006) Plants of / Leptostrobus Heer (Czekanowskiales) from the Early Cretaceous and Late Triassic of China, with discussion of the genus. J Integr Plant Biol 48:137鈥?47 CrossRef
  45. Zan SQ, Axsmith BJ, Fraser NC et al (2008) New evidence for laurasian corystosperms: / Umkomasia from the upper triassic of Northern China. Rev Palaeobot Palyno 149:202鈥?07 CrossRef
  46. Zan SQ, Axsmith BJ, Escapa I et al (2012) A new / Neocalamites (Sphenophyta) with prickles and attached cones from the Upper Triassic of China. Palaeoworld 21:75鈥?0 CrossRef
  47. Dilcher DL (1974) Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Bot Rev 40:1鈥?58 CrossRef
  48. Chitaley SD, Paradkar SA (1972) Rodeites Sahni reinvestigated. I. Bot J Linn Soc 65:109鈥?17 CrossRef
  49. Banerji J (1987) Further contributions to the Mesozoic flora of Kutch, Gujarat. Geophytology 17:69鈥?1
  50. Kovach WL, Batten DJ (1993) Diversity changes in lycopsid andaquatic fern occurrences of Mesozoic and Tertiary megaspores. Paleobiology 19:28鈥?2
  51. Holmes WBK, Anderson HM (2005) The Middle Triassic megafossil flora of the Basin Creek Formation, Nymboida coal measures, New South Wales, Australia. Part 5. The genera / Lepidopteris, / Kurtziana, / Rochipteris and / Walkomiopteris. Proc Linn Soc NSW 126:39鈥?8
  52. Vachrameev VA (1987) Climates and the distribution of some gymnosperms in Asia during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 51:205鈥?12 CrossRef
  53. Vachrameev VA (1991) Jurassic and Cretaceous Floras and Climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  
• 作者单位：Chunlin Sun (1) (2)
  Tao Li (1) (2)
  Yuling Na (1) (2)
  Wenhao Wu (1) (2)
  Yunfeng Li (1) (2)
  Lixia Wang (3)
  Lijun Zhang (3)
  
  1. Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130026, China
  2. Research Center of Paleontology & Stratigraphy of Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
  3. Bureau of Fossil Protection and Management of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110032, China
  
• ISSN：1861-9541

文摘

An aquatic fern leaf, Flabellariopteris mii Sun gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Triassic of Western Liaoning, China, is described and proposed as the type species of the new morphortaxon of the Marsileaceae. The fossil leaves are preserved as impression. No fertile and rhizomatic materials are found. The leaves attached at a common point on the top of the petiole are composed of two leaflets joined basally in an opposite arrangement. The petiole is slender. The leaflet is fan-shaped or semi-circular, and commonly divided into four wedge-shaped lobes. Terminal margin of lobes is usually incised, incisions shallow or deep, with bluntly rounded or notched apex. The veins are conspicuously dichotomous, but anastomoses and marginal vein are absent. The unique morphological features, including two-parted thin leaflets, size, shape, veins and slender petiole, indicate that the present specimen represents an aquatic fern, which is the oldest fossil record and the first megafossil evidence assignable to Marsileaceae from the Triassic floras.