Elastic wave modes for the assessment of structural timber: ultrasonic echo for building elements and guided waves for pole and pile structures

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• 作者：Martin Krause ; Ulrike Dackermann…
• 关键词：Elastic wave ; Ultrasonic echo ; SAFT (synthetic aperture focusing technique) ; Guided wave ; Timber structure ; Timber pole ; Impulse response ; Condition assessment
• 刊名：Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：5
• 期：2
• 页码：221-249
• 全文大小：11,284 KB
• 参考文献：1. Hasenstab A (2002) Die Hohlstellenortung bei Holzbauteilen mit dem Ultraschallverfahren. Diplomarbeit an der Technischen Universit?t Berlin, unpublished
  2. Hasenstab A, Krause M, Hillemeier B, Rieck C (2006) Ultraschallecho-Messungen an Holz. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 64, S 475-81
  3. Hasenstab A (2006) Integrit?tsprüfung von Holz mit dem zerst?rungsfreien Ultraschallechoverfahren. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Hrsg.); BAM-Dissertationsreihe, Band 16, Berlin 190 S
  4. Maack S, Krause M (2008) Diagnostic Investigations of Wooden Structures using Ultrasonic-Echo Technique. In: Proceedings of the 1st International RILEM Conference, on Site Assessment of Concrete, Masonry and Timber Structures (SACoMaTiS), September 1-2, 2008, Varenna, Italy (Proceedings––PRO 59): 1081-090
  5. Krause, M, Mayer, K, Friese, M, Milmann, B, Mielentz, F, Ballier, G (2011) Progress in ultrasonic tendon duct imaging. Eur J Environ Civil Eng 15: pp. 461-485 CrossRef
  6. Bucur, V (1995) Acoustics of wood. CRC Press, Boca Raton
  7. Bucur, V, Rasolofosaon, P (1998) Dynamic elastic anisotropy and nonlinearity in wood and rock. Ultrasonics 36: pp. 813-824 CrossRef
  8. Bucur, V, Lanceleur, P, Roge, B (2002) Acoustic properties of wood in tridimensional representation of slowness surfaces. Ultrasonics 40: pp. 537-541 CrossRef
  9. Schubert S (2007) Acousto-Ultrasound Assessment of Inner Wood-Decay in Standing Trees. Possibilities and Limitations. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Dissertation ETH Nr. 17126, 125 p
  10. Dill-Langer G, Aicher S, Bernauer W (2006) Reflection Measurements at Timber Glue-Lines by Means of Ultrasound Shear Waves, NDT.net 4: 11, 6 p
  11. Hasenstab A, Krause M (2004) Ultraschallechoverfahren an Holz. In: Cziesielski, E. (Hrsg.); Bauphysik-Kalender 2004, Berlin: Ernst und Sohn, Kap. C1, 2 Strukturaufkl?rung, Abschn. 2.5, S. 352-58
  12. Krause M, Effner U, Milmann, B, Müller S, Nowak T, Borchardt K, Mayer K, Chinta PK, Ballier G (2013) Hochgenaue Strukturerkennung von Holzbauteilen mit 3D-Ultraschall. Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau, Band F 2849, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 105 S
  13. Krause M, Chinta PK, Mayer K, Effner U, Müller S (2011) NDT of Structural Timber Members by means of 3D Ultrasonic Imaging Techniques and Modeling. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures NDTMS-2011, May 15-8, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey
  14. Langenberg KJ, Marklein R, Mayer K (2009) Theoretische Grundlagen der zerst?rungsfreien Materialprüfung mit Ultraschall. München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, 648 S; [English edition (2012) Ultrasonic nondestructive testing of materials, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, US. ISBN:978-1-4398-5588-1]
  15. Krause, M, Milmann, B, Mielentz, F, Streicher, D, Redmer, B, Mayer, K, Langenberg, KJ, Schickert, M (2008) Ultrasonic imaging methods for investigation of post-tensioned concrete structures: a study of interfaces at artificial grouting faults and its verification. J Nondestr Eval 27: pp. 67-82 CrossRef
  16. Kozlov, VN, Samokrutov, AA, Shevaldykin, VG Ultrasonic equipment for evaluation of concrete structures based on transducers with dry point contact. In: Al-Quadi, I, Washer, G eds. (2006) Proceedings of the NDE conference on civil engineering. St. Louis, USA, pp. 496-498
  17. Bishko AV, Samakrutov AA, Shevaldykin VG (2008) Ultrasonic echo-pulse tomography of concrete using shear waves low-frequency phased antenna arrays. In: Proceedings of the 17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25.-28.10.2008, Shanghai, China, 9 p
  18. Schickert M, Hillger W (2010) Automated ultrasonic scanning and imaging system. ndt.net, 10 pages http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt2010/reports/1_14_05.pdf
  19. Mayer K, Chinta PK, Langenberg KJ, Krause M (2012) Ultrasonic imaging of defects in known anisotropic and inhomogeneous structures with fast synthetic aperture methods. In: Proceedings of the 18th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Durban, South Africa, 16.-0.04.2012, CD-ROM, 10 p
  20. Chinta PK, Mayer K, Krause M (2010) Ultraschallmodellierung und SAFT-Rekonstruktion von Fehlstellen in Holzbauteilen. In: Berichtsband der DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2010, Erfurt, 10.-12. Mai 2010, BB 122-CD, Poster 59, 8 S
  21. Chi
• 刊物主题：Civil Engineering; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：2190-5479

文摘

This paper presents the state-of-the-art of using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods based on elastic waves for the condition assessment of structural timber. Two very promising approaches based on the propagation and reflections of elastic waves are described. While the first approach uses ultrasonic echoes for the testing of wooden building elements, the second approach uses guided waves (GW) for the testing of timber pole and pile structures. The basic principle behind both approaches is that elastic waves induced in a timber structure will propagate through its material until they encounter a change in stiffness, cross-sectional area or density, at which point they will reflect back. By measuring the wave echoes, it is possible to determine geometric properties of the tested structures such as the back wall of timber elements or?the underground length of timber poles or piles. In addition, the internal state of the tested structures can be assessed since damage and defects such as rot, fungi or termite attacks will cause early reflections of the elastic waves as well as it can result in changes in wave velocity, wave attenuation and wave mode conversion. In the paper, the principles and theory of using elastic wave propagation for the assessment of wooden building elements and timber pole/pile structures are described. The state-of-the-art in testing equipment and procedures is presented and detailed examples are given on the practical application of both testing approaches. Recent encouraging developments of cutting edge research are presented along with challenges for future research.