Net and gross N transformation rates in subtropical forest soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Wei Zhao ; Zucong Cai ; Zhihong Xu
- 关键词：Aerobic and anaerobic ; C/N ratios and soil 13C ; Forest type ; Immobilization ; Net and gross N transformations ; Subtropical soils
- 刊名：Journal of Soils and Sediments
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：January 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：15
- 期：1
- 页码：96-105
- 全文大小：490 KB
- 参考文献：1. Adams JA (1986) Nitrification and ammonification in acid forest litter and humus as affected by peptone and ammonium-N amendment. Soil Biol Biochem 18:45-1 CrossRef
2. Bengtsson G, Bengtson P, M?nsson KF (2003) Gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification rates as a function of soil C/N ratio and microbial activity. Soil Biol Biochem 35:143-54 CrossRef
3. Bernoux M, Cerri CC, Neill C, De Moraes JFL (1998) The use of stable carbon isotopes for estimating soil organic matter turnover rates. Geoderma 82:43-8 CrossRef
4. Booth MS, Stark JM, Rastetter E (2005) Controls on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: a synthetic analysis of literature data. Ecol Monogr 75(2):139-57 CrossRef
5. Burton J, Chen CR, Xu ZH, Ghadiri H (2007) Gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia. Soil Biol Biochem 39:426-33 CrossRef
6. Cheng Y, Cai ZC, Zhang JB, Chang SX (2011) Gross N transformations were little affected by 4?years of simulated N and S depositions in an aspen-white spruce dominated boreal forest in Alberta, Canada. Forest Ecol Manag 262:571-78
7. Christenson LM, Lovett GM, Weathers KC, Arthur MA (2009) The influence of tree species, nitrogen fertilization, and soil C to N ratio on gross soil nitrogen transformations. Soil Sci Soc Amer J 73(2):638-46 CrossRef
8. Davidson EA, Hart SC, Shanks CA, Firestone MK (1991) Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification by 15N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores. J Soil Sci 42:335-49 CrossRef
9. Dixon ER, Cardenas L, Alfaro M, Salazar F, Hatch DJ (2011) High rates of nitrogen cycling in volcanic soils from Chilean grasslands. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 25:1521-526 CrossRef
10. Freier KP, Glaser B, Zech W (2010) Mathematical modeling of soil carbon turnover in natural / Podocarpus forest and / Eucalyptus plantation in Ethiopia using compound specific δ13C analysis. Globe Change Biol 16:1487-502 CrossRef
11. Hart SC, Nason GE, Myrold DD, Perry DA (1994a) Dynamics of gross nitrogen transformations in an old-growth forest: the carbon connection. Ecology 75:880-91 CrossRef
12. Hart SC, Stark JM, Davidson EA, Firestone MK (1994b) Nitrogen mineralisation, immobilisaton and nitrification. In: Weaver Re (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: microbiological and biochemical properties. Soil Sci Soc Amer. Madison, Wisconsin, pp 985-018
13. Hart SC, Binkley D, Perry DA (1997) Influence of red alder on soil nitrogen transformations in two conifer forests of contrasting productivity. Soil Biol Biochem 29:1111-123 CrossRef
14. Huang ZQ, Xu ZH, Blumfield TJ, Chen CR, Bubb K (2008) Soil nitrogen mineralization and fate of (15NH4)2SO4 in field-incubated soil in a hardwood plantation of subtropical Australia: the effect of mulching. J Soils Sediments 8:389-97 CrossRef
15. Huygens D, Rütting T, Boeckx P, Van Cleemput O, Godoy R, Müller C (2007) Soil nitrogen conservation mechanisms in a pristine south Chilean Nothofagus forest ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2448-458 CrossRef
16. Keeney DR (1982) Nitrogen availability indices. In: Page AL (ed) Method - 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
- 刊物主题：Environment
Soil Science and Conservation
Environment
Environmental Physics - 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN：1614-7480
文摘
Purpose This study investigated the differences between net and gross rates of N transformation in subtropical forest soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We aim to explore the factors responsible for the differences observed and to evaluate the ability of net and gross N transformation measurements to reflect the occurrence and stimulation of N transformation in subtropical forest soils. Materials and methods Subtropical soil samples from adjacent native forest (NF) and two plantation forest sites (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (PCH) and Hoop pine (HP), Araucaria cunninghammii), with different initial pool sizes of NH4 + and NO3 ?/sup>, were collected from South East Queensland, Australia. Soil samples were incubated at 25?°C to determine net and gross N transformation rates (15N pool dilution method) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Results and discussion Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, gross N transformation rates differed significantly from net N transformation rates. NH4 + immobilization occurred under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for all soils. NO3 ?/sup> immobilization occurred under aerobic conditions in the NF soils but was negligible in both the PCH and HP soils. Gross ammonification rates were significantly correlated with the C/N ratios (R 2--.714, p--.001). Gross nitrification rates were significantly correlated with soil carbon composition (13C, R 2--.569, p--.01). The ratios of the gross rates of NH4 + immobilization to the gross ammonification rates (R_i a/g a) were significantly correlated with δ13C (R 2--.829, p--.001). The results indicated that in the subtropical forest soils, both the variability of gross N production and immobilization mainly influenced the net N transformation rates. Forest type affected the gross production or immobilization of NH4 + and NO3 ?/sup> via C turnover, which was indicated by the relationship between the N transformation rates and soil C/N ratio or soil 13C. Conclusions Although subtropical forest soils are generally an N-unlimited system, the immobilization of NH4 + and NO3 ?/sup> under aerobic or anaerobic conditions played an important role in the N transformations. Net rates of NH4 +/NO3 ?/sup> accumulation are not suitable to describe the occurrence and stimulation of N transformations in subtropical soils when immobilization (or other consumption processes) of NH4 + and NO3 ?/sup> is occurring, especially under anaerobic conditions.