d="p-1">The first Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods are described from the Precordillera mountain belt of west-central Argentina, including the new species d-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Wimanella mollensis and d-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Nisusia ancauchensis. Other forms are d-content genus-species" id="named-content-3">Diraphora cf. d-content genus-species" id="named-content-4">D. borealis (Walcott), d-content genus-species" id="named-content-5">Diraphora sp., and an indeterminate bohemiellid. Brachiopods come from the lowermost part of the Precordilleran Cambrian succession (El Estero and Soldano Members of the La Laja Formation, Cerro Totora Formation) and from the Ancaucha olistolith within the Los Sombreros olistostrome. The associated trilobites constrain the fossiliferous levels to the d-content genus-species" id="named-content-6">Bonnia-Olenellus, d-content genus-species" id="named-content-7">Poliella denticulata and d-content genus-species" id="named-content-8">Ehmaniella biozones. A re-assessment of paleobiogeographic affinities of lower and early middle Cambrian rhynchonelliform brachiopods using cluster analysis supports the existence of a widespread warm-water Tropical Realm—to which the described Precordilleran faunas belong—and a more restricted ‘Mediterranean’ Realm developed on the temperate, mixed clastic-carbonate platforms.