上海建设成为世界一流国际体育赛事之都的研究——基于城市网络的视角
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摘要
采用社会网络分析方法对全球36座城市进行了网络联系度、网络中心度和网络中介度的分析,结果表明:在核心指标方面,上海与伦敦等对标城市差距仍然较大,整体处于中游水平,目前上海主办的赛事数量还不够多、项目选择匹配度不高,网络"控制力"、"辐射力"较弱,没有发挥桥头堡的作用。提出了将上海建设成为世界一流国际体育赛事之都的对策:在战略层面,充分发挥城市定位作用,一方面利用竞争优势占据主办城市网络的中心位置,另一方面充分发挥对外开放"门户城市"的地位和作用,成为国际国内体育资源的"配置中心";在策略方面,积极组建国际重大体育赛事主办城市网络组织,并使其成为全球赛事城市交流学习、相互促进的国际性组织。
The social network analysis method is used to analyze the network connection degree,network center degree and network intermediary degree of 36 cities around the world.The results show that the gap between Shanghai and London is still large;the overall level is in the middle;the number of events hosted by Shanghai is not enough;the match of project selection is not high,and the network"control power"is not high."radiation force"is weak,which did not play the role of bridgehead.This paper puts forward the countermeasures of building Shanghai into a world-class international sports event city:at the strategic level,give full play to the role of city positioning,on the one hand,take advantage of the competitive advantage to occupy the host city network.The heart position,on the other hand,give full play to the status and role of"portal city"opening to the outside world,which become the international and domestic sports resources"allocation center";In the aspect of strategy,it is necessary to set up the network organization of the host cities of major international sports events and make it an international organization for the exchange,study and mutual promotion of global sports events.
The social network analysis method is used to analyze the network connection degree,network center degree and network intermediary degree of 36 cities around the world.The results show that the gap between Shanghai and London is still large;the overall level is in the middle;the number of events hosted by Shanghai is not enough;the match of project selection is not high,and the network"control power"is not high."radiation force"is weak,which did not play the role of bridgehead.This paper puts forward the countermeasures of building Shanghai into a world-class international sports event city:at the strategic level,give full play to the role of city positioning,on the one hand,take advantage of the competitive advantage to occupy the host city network.The heart position,on the other hand,give full play to the status and role of"portal city"opening to the outside world,which become the international and domestic sports resources"allocation center";In the aspect of strategy,it is necessary to set up the network organization of the host cities of major international sports events and make it an international organization for the exchange,study and mutual promotion of global sports events.
引文
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[13]Camagni R,Salone C.Network Urban Structures in Northern Italy:Elements for a Theoretical Framework[J].Urban Studies,1993(6):1053-1064.
[14]Taylor P J,Hoyler M,Verbruggen R.External Urban Relational Process:Introducing Central Flow Theory to Complement Central Place Theory[J].Urban Studies,2010(13):2803-2818.
[15]程玉鸿,陈利静.城市网络视角的城市竞争力解构[J].经济学家,2012(8):72-78.
[16]陈林华,王跃.城市国际体育赛事网络联系度研究——以上海六大品牌赛事为样本[J].中国体育科技,2015(1):66-72.
[2] Camagni R,Salone C.Network Urban Structures in Northern Italy:Elements for a Theoretical Framework[J].Urban Studies,1993(6):1053-1064.
[3]黄海燕.体育赛事综合影响的事前评估研究[D].上海:上海体育学院博士学位论文,2009:6-12.
[4]陈锡尧.对当今国际性重大体育赛事的价值认识及其发展趋势的研究[J].体育科研,2003(4):25-27.
[5]姚颂平,刘志明,肖锋,等.国际体育大赛与国际化大城市发展之关系[J].上海体育学院学报,2004(5):18-23.
[6]Taylor P J,Hoyler M,Verbruggen R.External urban relational process:Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J].Urban Studies,2010(13):2803-2818.
[7]李迎成.中西方城市网络研究差异及思考[J].国际城市规划,2016(9):1-12.
[8]张玲.基于社会网络的知识创新对集群企业竞争优势的影响研究[D].长春:吉林大学博士学位论文,2008:35-72.
[9]郑剑锋.世界城市理论研究综述[J].当代社科视野,2009(11):26-30.
[10]Friedmann,J.The world city hypothesis[J].Development and Change,1986(1):69-83.
[11]Castells M.The Space of Flows:ATheory of Space in the Informational Society[C].Conference of The New Urbanism,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1992:131-140.
[12]Batten D F.Network Cities:Creative Urban Agglomerations for the 21st Century[J].Urban Studies,1995(2):313-327.
[13]Camagni R,Salone C.Network Urban Structures in Northern Italy:Elements for a Theoretical Framework[J].Urban Studies,1993(6):1053-1064.
[14]Taylor P J,Hoyler M,Verbruggen R.External Urban Relational Process:Introducing Central Flow Theory to Complement Central Place Theory[J].Urban Studies,2010(13):2803-2818.
[15]程玉鸿,陈利静.城市网络视角的城市竞争力解构[J].经济学家,2012(8):72-78.
[16]陈林华,王跃.城市国际体育赛事网络联系度研究——以上海六大品牌赛事为样本[J].中国体育科技,2015(1):66-72.